This study explored the protective potential of NADPH-oxidase inhibitors, apocynin and curcumin in diclofenac-induced cardiotoxicity via oxidative stress. A total of 80 male Wistar rats were used for the study. 80 rats were randomly divided into 8 groups of 10 rats each. Group 1(control) received distilled water while others received orally, per mg/kg body weight of treatments as follows: group 2(1000, apocynin, group 3(1000, curcumin), group 4(10, diclofenac), group 5(500, apocynin and 10, diclofenac), group 6(1000, apocynin and 10, diclofenac), group 7(500, curcumin and 10, diclofenac) and group 8(1000, curcumin and 10, diclofenac). The treatments were administered daily for 14 and 28 days. Administration of diclofenac significantly (p<0.05) elevated the activities of NAD(P)H oxidases type 2 and malondialdehyde while the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione level were significantly (p<0.05) decreased. There was no alteration in the activities of xanthine oxidase. However, pretreatment with 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight of apocynin or curcumin attenuated all biochemical alterations induced by diclofenac in a dose dependent manner. Pretreatments with apocynin and curcumin inhibitors of NOX 2 was effective in ameliorating diclofenac-induced cardiotoxicity by alleviating the oxidative stress thus, highlighting the therapeutic potentials of apocynin and curcumin in the management of diclofenac-mediated cardiotoxicity.

Citrus fruits are a rich source of essential oils that have various applications in the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Lime is notable for its high essential oil yield, which contains active compounds that possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. This study aimed to compare the maceration and Soxhlet extraction methods for obtaining essential oil from lime exocarp as well as characterizing the compounds in the oil using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The study found that the Soxhlet extraction method had a higher yield of oil compared to the maceration method. However, the maceration method had a lower acid value and free fatty acid content, and a higher saponification value. The oil obtained using the Soxhlet extraction method was more acidic than that of the essential oil obtained using the maceration method. The study also found that limonene was the most prominent compound in both extraction methods. However, the percentage of β-ocimene and γ-terpinene were significantly higher in the maceration method compared to the Soxhlet extraction method. Limonene, β-ocimene, and γ-terpinene are important compounds found in essential oils and have various medicinal properties. These findings have significant implications for the essential oil industry. The choice of extraction method can influence the composition of the essential oil obtained, as well as its chemical and physical properties. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the intended use of the essential oil when choosing an extraction method.

Background/aim: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) is an alternative treatment for patients with severe aortic stenosis who are considered high-risk for surgery. Determine the anxiety levels of patients, who will undergo TAVI surgery, and factors affecting anxiety in the pre- and postoperative period. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Sifa hospital in Izmir, Turkey between September 2014 and June 2015. Data were collected in the cardiology outpatient clinic for preoperative data, and in the coronary intensive care unit and cardiology outpatient clinic for postoperative data. The data were collected by interviewing patients who presented with aortic stenosis or aortic insufficiency and underwent TAVI surgery. Stress status of the patients before and after TAVI was measured with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results: The mean age of 34 patients participating in the study was 78.21(±6.67), and 61.8 % of the patients were women. The mean state anxiety scores of all patients were 45.5(±12.1) before the surgery, 36.4(±10.6) after the surgery. The anxiety experienced before the operation was moderate to high; and after the operation was lower. Conclusion: The patients were experiencing moderate to high and levels of anxiety. The factors affecting the state anxiety scores in the preoperative period were the age of the patient and the presence of chronic diseases. The factors affecting the stress of the patients in the pre- and post-TAVI period were subjective fear felt due to the stressful situation in the preoperative period were found to be age and the presence of chronic disease.

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse refers to protrusions of the pelvic organs into or out of the vaginal canal. Vaginal prolapse can occur without uterine prolapse but uterus cannot descend without carrying the upper vagina with it. Therefore, genital prolapse is divided into two broad categories; one is uterine prolapse the other is vaginal prolapse. They are again divided into different subgroups. Objective: To find out risk factors that will help to reduce the incidence of uterovaginal prolapse. Method: It is a retrospective case control study conducted in the department of Obst & Gynae, BSMMU, Dhaka during the period of October 2009 to June 2010. We included 50 uterovaginal prolapse women as a case and 50 reasonably healthy women as a control. Vault prolapse after abdominal hysterectomy, vaginal hysterectomy, only cystocele, only rectocele, was excluded from study. Results: In this study, 62% women were 45-65 years of age and in control group this was 46%, P value was .001. In case group most of the women were multiparous, 84% were > 5, in control group this was 20%. P value was .001. Most of the patients had history of repeated childbirth, <3yrs, in control group it was >5yrs, p value is 0.001 which is highly sigficant. Most of the patients were coming from low socio-economic condition. In case group it was 56% and control group 34%, P value was 0.191. In this study, most of the patient had history of prolong labour (14.6%). Instrumental delivery 0.4% In case group, 80% patients showed easy vaginal delivery, 4.2% had obstructed labour. Almost 100% patients had history of something coming down per vagina. 42% complaining of frequency, 58% incomplete voiding, 10% retention of urine, 4% had stress incontinence, P value of incomplete voiding .001. 74% patients had history of constipation and 30% patients had history of difficulty in defecation. P value .001. 68% in case group complaining watery per vaginal discharge, 12% in control group. P Value .001. 22% in case group complaining of chronic cough, P value .001. 74% cases signifiquent history of heavy physical work. P value .001. 72% cases were 2nd degree uterine prolapse, 18% 1st degree and 10% 3rd degree prolapse. Conclusion: Early marriage, difficult childbirth, low socio-economic condition, poor nutrition status, delivery conducted by untrained dais, no rest in puerperium and complication of delivery are found to be recommended risk factors of utero-vaginal prolapse. In our socio-economic condition, it is need of ours to strengthen the existing maternal services at the basic level of community and build up the awareness to overcome & remove the risk factors of prolapse.

"Curriculum Ideological and Political Education" is put forward to change the situation that teachers pay attention to imparting professional knowledge and neglect guiding students' correct values, and it is an inevitable trend of contemporary education mode. In the process of teaching, we should thoroughly implement the "course ideological and political education" into the classroom teaching of discrete mathematics, and fully implement the requirements of "three-round education" under the guidance of the "4-4-5" ideological and political curriculum system with the aim of "cultivating people by virtue". We will continue to explore, practice, reform and innovate in teaching process, methods and strategies, teaching content, organizational process and evaluation mechanism to help students establish their ideals and beliefs.

This paper presents the findings of a study on the compaction and CBR characteristics of cement stabilized clay-quarry dust mixtures, utilising the BS Light compaction energy. The study encompasses laboratory experiments, statistical analysis, and the development of empirical models to describe the geotechnical behaviour of these mixtures. Various proportions of quarry dust (0-50%) and cement (0-10%) were studied. The soil mixtures were subjected to classification tests, compaction tests, and soaked CBR tests. The results of the study showed that the addition of quarry dust and cement to the soil can significantly improve its Atterberg limits, compaction characteristics, and CBR. The addition of 50% quarry dust and 10% cement reduced the liquid limit by about 41.8% and the plasticity index by about 42%. The maximum dry unit weight increased with cement and quarry dust content, while the optimum moisture content reduced with the same. The CBR of the natural soil increased from 6.3% to 130% at 50% quarry dust and 10% cement content. The empirical models developed in this study can be used to predict the compaction characteristics and CBR of cement stabilized soil-quarry dust mixtures.

Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), also known as Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), is an autoimmune disease that is typically present as a progressive ascending weakness, with subtle or no sensory findings, and reduced or absent deep tendon reflexes. In this case report I am presenting a patient who presented with an atypical clinical feature of AIDP in the form of a descending rather than ascending weakness, highlighting the importance of considering AIDP as a potential diagnosis in such atypical presentations.

Background: Human beings, like all living organisms, are characterized by the presence of genetically inherited physical and/or physiological characters which made them to be genetically distinct from each other. These traits, known as morphogenetic traits, are transmitted in autosomal dominant or recessive fashion. This study strives to determine the distribution, association and inheritance pattern of morphogenetic characters among students of Federal Polytechnic Ile-Oluji, Ondo State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A random sample of four hundred (male 219 and female 181) students were evaluated for two serological (blood group and rhesus factor) and ten morphogenetic traits including, earlobe attachment, bent little finger, widow’s peak, hitchhiker’s thumb, tongue rolling, tongue flipping, cleft chin, mid-phalangeal hair, eye colour and polydactyly. The data obtained were expressed in simple percentages. Chi- square analysis was used to test for statistically significant associations between observed allelic and genotypic frequency at 5% level of significance. Results and Discussions: The study revealed Blood group O as the most prevalent (47%) followed by A (22.75%), B (18.5%) while the least was AB (11.75%). Over 91% of these population were Rh (D) positive while over 8% were Rh (D) negative. The other genetic traits were observed in frequencies; attached earlobe (57.25%), bent little finger (27.5%), widow’s peak (34.25%), hitchhiker’s thumb (65.75%), tongue rolling (54.25%), tongue flipping (23%), cleft chin (24%), mid-digital hair (42%), dark eye colour (31%) and polydactyly (26.75%). Association analysis showed the presence of association between gender and all the traits excepting widow’s peak (χ2 = 19.7, p = 0.000), cleft chin (χ2 = 11.5, p = 0.000) and polydactyl (χ2 = 12.2, p = 0.000). Conclusion: Recessive traits were much more prevalent in the sampled population. The results obtained established baseline data for this population, and it can be used for medically, legally and also for anthropological studies.

The study examined resource management competencies required by Business Education graduates for engagement in small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in Delta State. Two research questions were answered while two null hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population for the study consisted of 129 subjects comprising 95 final students of Business Education, Delta State University, Abraka, and 34 managers of registered SMEs in Ethiope East LGA of the state. Census sampling techniques were used to sample the entire population of 129 respondents. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire on the resources management competencies of graduates for engagement in SMEs. The instrument was validated by three experts. The Cronbach Alpha reliability method was used to ascertain the reliability of the instrument which yielded a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.83 for the entire research instrument. The data for the study were collected with the help of three research assistants. Out of the 129 copies of the questionnaire administered, 116 were retrieved and completely filled representing a 90.0% rate of return. Data collected were analyzed using means for answering the research questions. The null hypotheses were tested using t-test statistics. From the data collected and analyzed, the study identified: 11 financial resource management competencies and 18 human resource management competencies required by Business education graduates for engagement in small and medium-scale enterprises in Ethiope East LGA of Delta State. The results of the hypotheses tested showed no significant (p≤0.05) differences in the mean ratings of Business education students and managers of SMEs on financial resources management competencies whereas, there were significant (p≤0.05) differences in the mean ratings of respondents on human resource management competencies. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others, that the governments of Delta State should help package the identified resource management competencies into teachable programmes for training other University, Polytechnic, and College of Education graduates and retraining existing SME operators for economic success in the state.

Scrap cytology is emerging technique for diagnosing oral lesion. Oral cancer results from various viral infections, oral leukoplakia, and submucosal fibrosis. Scrap cytology assist in identifying these malignant and premalignant lesions. Herein, we present a case of a 70 years old male with complaint of pain and multiple ulceration in right oral mucosa. After proper intraoral examination & scrap cytology smears and microbiological investigations diagnosis of HSV cytopathic effect was given. This case report expands the morphologic spectrum of premalignant oral lesions and emphasizes the need to consider scrap cytology as a useful tool for oral lesions.

The main purpose of the study was to determine the influence of school climate on the administration of technical colleges for sustainable skill development in Anambra State. The study was guided by three research questions and three null hypotheses. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population for the study was 37 comprised of principals and vice principals in the eight technical college in Anambra State. The instrument used for data collection was a 27 item structured questionnaire grouped into four sections. The instrument was validated, and reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha which yielded 0.71. Out of 37 copies of the questionnaire distributed 33 were properly filled and returned representing 89.19% return rate. Mean, standard deviation and t-test statistics were the statistical tools used for data analysis. From the result of data analysis, the study identified that school climates have influence on the administration of technical colleges for sustainable skill development. The study found that open school climate, close school climate and paternal school climate affects the administration of sustainable skill development. The findings of the study showed that there is no significant difference in the mean rating of experienced and less experienced administrators on the identified influence of school climate on the administration of technical colleges for sustainable skill development. Based on the findings, recommendations were made which include; technical college administrators should adopt and implement a healthy climate for sustainability of skill development programmes in their schools and open school climate should be implemented as it adopts collaborative team work and participatory in leadership decision making and goal attainment.

Background: Understanding the clinical status of patients with meningothelial meningioma is crucial for accurate prognosis, treatment planning, and monitoring disease progression. Numerous factors, including tumor characteristics, patient demographics, and histopathological features, contribute to the clinical status and overall management of these patients. Objective: To assess the clinical status of meningothelial meningioma patients. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College over a period of two years from January 2018 to December 2019. A total of 60 Patient of any age group with histologically diagnosed meningiomas of the central nervous system were included as a sample population. During the collection of specimen, all relevant information were recorded systematically in a prepared proforma. All the cases were numbered chronologically and the same number was given to H&E as well as in immunohistochemically stained slides. Results: During the study, majority were belong to 51-60 years and 61-70 years age group, 26.7% and majority were female, 70%. It revealed that maximum lesions (86.7%) were at brain and 13.3% were at the spinal cord. It was observed that meningioma was widely distributed throughout the CNS. Majority of the lesions were at the parietal region (28.3%). 18.3% lesions were at frontal region. Plus, according to the tumor grade, It was observed that more than three fourth (80.5%) patients had grade I tumor, 17.8 % patients had grade II tumor and 1.7 % patients had grade III tumor. Moreover, that 55% cases were meningothelial meningioma and 8 (13.3%) patients had atypical meningioma. Conclusion: In our study, maximum patients had lesions were at brain which was widely distributed throughout the CNS. Plus, more than three fourth patients had grade I tumor where meningothelial meningioma was most common.

The main aim and objective of Ayurved is “Swasthyasya Swasthya Rakshnam” “Aaturasya Vikara Prasamanam” Which means maintaining the health of a healthy person, prevention of disease and curing the disease of ailing person. The Shalakyatantra, a part of Astanga Ayurved, deals with the disease above throat. It includes the disease and treatment of Netra, Karna, Nasa, Kantha, Mukha, Danta and Siro-Kapala Gata Roga. Sansamana (conservative), Samsodhana (Panchakarma) and the Shastra chikitsa (surgical procedures) are the essential treatment modalities followed to treat a disease. Panchakarma is a branch of Ayurveda, meant for the removal of vitiated Dosha, Mala or toxic part of body and balances Dosha-Dushya through, Vamana, Virechana, Nashya, Basti, Rakta Mokshana etc. In the disease like Abhisyanda, Adhimantha, Timira, Danta Nadi, Upakusha and Dusthapratishyaya, most of the Panchakarma therapies are indicated according to their severity of the disease. In practice the patient, who undergoes Panchakarma or Sodhana Chikitsa shows better result than the patient treated without Sodhanakarma. it is the process, which gets the root cause of the problem, and correct the essential balance of Tridosha in the body. Therefore, increasing and mainstreaming the Panchakarma procedure in Shalakya Tantra will definitely provide an effective and satisfactory outcome in Urdhwajatrugata disorders. Now a days ENT & Ophthalmic diseases are major concerned because patient could not want to go for surgical procedure. Looking towards Ayurved, there are lot of Panchakarma Procedures are advocated for this disorders.

Purpose: The study aimed to identify the Musculoskeletal problem among the third-gender population in Dhaka. Objective: This study’s objective was to find out socio-demographic information, and Musculoskeletal problems among the third-gender population in Dhaka. Methodology: This study was performed in a cross-sectional study design. This study was conducted to determine the Musculoskeletal problem among the third-gender population. This study’s sample was collected through a convenience sampling procedure and a total sample of 62. The data was collected from the different areas across Dhaka. The data collection process was a questionnaire with a face-to-face interview. Data was analyzed with Microsoft Office, and Excel 2019 using the SPSS 25 version software program and test use of study chi- square test. Result: This study’s participant means and standard deviation of participant age where are Mean ±SD= 30.90±10.710; About (45%) third gender age 18-27 years; (32%) age 28-37 years; (12%) age 38-47 years; and 11% more than 47 years. 72.6% were male sex at birth and 27.4% were female sex at birth. Around (14.50%) of them live in rural areas, 4.80%) are semi-urban and (80.60%) are from urban areas. (53.2%) were experiencing pain in the different body parts. 21.2% neck pain, 15.2% shoulder pain, 6.1% elbow pain, 39.4% knee, and 39.4% hip pain. severity level was mild pain felt at 8.10%, moderate pain experienced at 27.40% and 17.70% suffered from severe pain. Conclusion: The database revealed a significant prevalence of musculoskeletal issues (53.2%), primarily affecting the hip and knee. To enhance accuracy, employing a standardized observation tool is recommended. Further research, including larger samples among the third gender in Bangladesh, is essential for robust decision-making and increased awareness.

Panchakarma is unique and super specialized therapy in the Ayurveda. It is very particular and result oriented natural therapy of body purification. Panchakarma includes five natural methods of Purification or elimination viz, Vaman, Virechan, Basti, Nasya and Raktamokshana. Panchakarma therapy has promotive, preventive and curative approach towards curing various disorders in Shalakya Tantra. Shalakya Tantra is one of the important aspects of the Ayurveda which deals with the treatment of disease associated with body parts above the neck i.e.,Netra (eye), Karna (ear), Nasika (nose), Kantha (throat), Aushtha (lips), Danta (teeth), Dantamoola (root of teeth), Jihwa (tongue), Taalu (palate), Kantha (throat), Sarvasar (mouth) and Shira or Kapala (head). Four out of five sense organs are included in Shalakya Tantra, so it is very important to protect them from diseases and also maintain their proper functioning. Administration of drugs by the Nasal route is termed as Nasya. Panchakarma is the most essential part of Ayurveda treatments. For administration of medicine, different routes are used in Ayurveda, but to reach the “Shira” (Head) it is difficult with other routes, there by the “Nasya” Karma was developed. Nasya Procedure is to eliminate vitiated Kapha Dosha associated Pitta disorders or diseases originating or settled in the place of Kapha.