Epilepsy is one of the chronic neurological conditions affecting people of all ages globally. Educational progress have been affected negatively by some abnormalities associated with epilepsy. This study employed neurobehavioural analysis of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizure on some visual spatial functions in Wistar rats. The study was done in two phases: acute (14days) and chronic (28days). A total of twenty adult Wistar rats weighing between 90-120g were used. The rats were divided into four (4) groups (1-4, n=5). PTZ was administered intraperitoneally to the PTZ treated groups one (1) week before the neurobehavioral experiments commenced. Group 1 (control) received distilled water, group 2, 3and 4 were administered with doses of PTZ (25mg/kg, 30mg/kg and 35mg/kg) respectively at alternate days (48 hourly) until kindling was achieved. The study evaluated neurobehavioural parameters using Barnes maze (BM), navigational box test (NBT). The results from neurobehavioural evaluations on effects of the chemo-convulsant seizures on visual spatial functions, suggests that severity of seizures caused a deficit in learning and visual spatial memory which was worsened by chronicity. In conclusion, PTZ-induced seizure negatively interferes with visual spatial functions.

Klebsiella pneumonia is an opportunistic pathogen causes several diseases including sepsis, pneumonia, and wound infections. There are two pathotypes of Klebsiella pneumonia: classical K. pneumoniae (cKp) and hypervirulent K. pneumonia (hvkp), which is an emerging variant of (ckp), clinically distinguished by invasive and multiple site infections. K.pneumoniae is also responsible for majority of human infections, and can infected healthy members of the community and hospitalized patients. A total 150 samples were collected from different hospitals in Kirkuk city during the period between November 2021 to June 2022. The age of patients ranged between (1– 60) years old with both sexes. These samples were highly recovered from females with a rate 66.67% compared to the males 33.33%. Thirty K. pneumonia (20%) was recovered from different clinical specimens including urine, sputum, burn and wound swabs. The current study reported that females are more likely to be infected with K. pneumoniae than man. Likewise, the most common age group infected with K.pneumoniae was between (20-40) with a rate of 63.33%. K.pneumoniae was commonly recovered from inpatients 53.33% compared with outpatients (46.67%). Antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted to all the isolates by using disc diffusion test towards 8 antimicrobial agents. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates showed multiple resistance against 3 or more of different antibiotic groups such as gentamicin 93%, ampicillin 96% and amoxicillin –clavulanate 90%, cefotaxime 83%, ceftazidime 96%, meropenem 36%, levofloxacin 76 %and gentamicin 93 %. K. pneumoniae isolated from inpatients and from sputum samples were more resistance to various kinds of antibiotics.

Background: Realizing the advantages of lifestyle modification after myocardial infarction (MI) requires active lifestyle change. Sometimes patients find it difficult to follow the recommendations for lifestyle changes, which are crucial for all MI patients to implement in order to lower the risk of secondary attack. This study aimed to explore the real-world experiences of post MI patients who had changed their lifestyles at a university hospital. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted among 20 purposively selected post MI patients. The patients who had confirmed medical diagnosis as old MI, had admitted in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hospital for more than a week, and had willingness to take participation in this study, were considered as the study subjects. Data was collected through an open ended semi-structured questionnaire by face to face interview. Using qualitative content analysis, the interview transcripts were examined at the same time as the data was being gathered. Results: Out of 20 study subjects, 55% were male and 60% were Muslim. Participants age was ranging from 36-70 years. Two themes namely adjustment with modified life and mal-adjustment with normal life were emerged as the lived experiences on lifestyle modification of patients with old Myocardial Infarction. Conclusion: It is concluded that patients with post-MI can have both good and bad experiences during the period of lifestyle modification.

Background: Ferritin is a soluble protein which provides intracellular storage of bioavailable iron. It is found primarily in Liver, bone marrow macrophages, spleen. Ferritin is measured by ELISA, RIA and Mass spectrometry. The main aim of this study is to etiologically categorise extreme hyperferritinemia (serum ferritin > 10000 microg/L). Methodology and Results: This is 05 years retrospective study (July -2018 to June 2023), conducted in hematology section, MMCH, KSA. Out of 34 cases of extreme hyperferritinemia, viral infection was the most common cause comprising 41% of all cases. Amongst the infectious etiology, 6 cases of EBV, 3 cases of ALF of suspected viral etiology, 2 cases of PIDS with secondary infection, 1 case each of Hepatitis A virus and CMV noted. 10 cases presented as Macrophage Activating syndrome comprising 29% of total cases of which 70 were Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic arthritis and remaining 30% includes SLE and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Discussion: Study conducted by Dondu et al., indicate that the most common causes of hyperferritinemia are rheumatologic diseases and infections, which were identified in 59.1 and 27.3%, respectively. Present study showed infective etiology as the most common cause of extreme hyperferritinemia. Reasons for differences in results are because other studies were conducted in Adult patients and in Rheumatologic department. Conclusion: Our study formulated a systematic investigating pathway for raised serum ferritin. If the laboratory screening tests, BMA and other sophisticated tests are done in systematic way, then challenging cases can be diagnosed easily.

This study aims to analyze the effect of fixed assets intensity, debt levels, sales growth and profitability on tax management. This research uses a quantitative type of research. The data analysis method used in this study is the panel data regression analysis method with eviews 12 software tools. The population of this study is consumer non- cyclicals sector companies listed on the IDX and have released the annual reports during the period 2019-2021. The selection of research samples was based on the non-probability sampling method using a purposive sampling technique. The results of this study concluded that (1) partial fixed assets intensity and debt levels have no significant effect on tax management, (2) sales growth and profitability have a significant effect on tax management, (3) while fixed assets intensity, debt levels, sales growth and profitability have a simultaneous effect on tax management.

In this comprehensive study, we delve into the chemical properties of soil in the proximity of sinkholes located in Anambra state of Nigeria. Three distinct sinkhole sites were selected for examination: Awka site 1 (6.2232°N and 7.0824°E), Awka site 2 (6.2220°N and 7.0819°E), and Agulu (6.0941°N and 7.0203°E). For a comprehensive analysis, 24 soil samples were meticulously collected and subjected to thorough analysis. These samples comprised of 15 specimens obtained from the immediate vicinity of the sinkholes, while 9 samples were procured from locations situated at least 2 kilometers away from the sinkhole sites. The study focused on investigating various parameters, namely pH levels, Organic Carbon (OC) content, Organic Matter (OM) content, Aluminum (Al) levels, Hydrogen (H) levels, Total Nitrogen (TN) content, Magnesium (Mg) levels, Potassium (K) levels, Sodium (Na) levels, Calcium (Ca) levels, Effective Cation Exchange Capacity (ECEC), Base Saturation, and soil texture. The obtained results revealed that the study areas predominantly exhibited a sandy composition with a notably low clay content. Furthermore, the analysis indicated low hydrogen values, while sodium levels were observed to be relatively high. Consequently, certain areas, particularly those situated farther away from the sinkhole site, exhibited a reduced amount of exchangeable bases and effective cation exchange capacity. This phenomenon potentially resulted in leaching and dispersion within the soil, leading to inadequate water infiltration and subsequent run-off. Notably, this process may have contributed to the formation of tunnel erosion, ultimately resulting in the emergence of sinkholes.

The study was aimed at using Target Task Approach to bridge the ability gaps of students in Secondary School Chemistry. It adopted a pretest, posttest, delayed quasi-experimental design with a sample size one hundred and seventeen students in both the experimental and control groups. Three research questions and hypotheses were raised and formulated to guide the study. The instruments for the study includes a Chemistry Achievement test (CAT) and Scholastic Ability Test. The instrument were validated and their reliabilities established. The reliability coefficient of both instrument using the Kudar-Richardson formulae 21 and Chromberg alfa were 0.89 and 0.72. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer research questions while the independent t-test was used in testing the hypotheses. The result showed a no significant difference on achievement and retention of low and high ability students taught Chemistry using Target Task Approach.

Police checkpoints have come to be associated with extortion in Imo State, and motorists frequently become victims of a well-established pattern of unethical behavior. This work, ‘Security Check Points and Police Extortion: A Study of Transport Corridors in Imo State, Nigeria’, sought to investigate and understand the nature and pattern of such extortion, its significant effects on drivers, and society at large. The objective of the study is to comprehend the dynamics of this widespread problem and shed light on its deep-seated roots and wide-ranging effects. Data was primarily gathered, methodically coded, and analysed using an interpretivist philosophy and qualitative methods to help the study delve deeply into the various tactics used by the police to extort money from motorists, such as arbitrary searches, illegal fines, and intimidation tactics. Adopting Strain Anomie Theory, the study analysed the methods used at these checkpoints. The effects of this extortion scheme go beyond just the financial losses for drivers. But there is a deterioration of public confidence among the police organisation and personnel. Considering a multifaceted approach to dealing with this issue The study recommends that the police force urgently needs fundamental reforms, covering greater training, stricter supervision procedures, and increased accountability standards. Imo State can aim to eliminate this harmful behaviour and restore faith in the police institution through a concerted effort involving other law enforcement agencies, civic society, and the general public, ultimately building a safer and more just society for all.

This study aimed to detect aspects associated with ex-pat nurse job satisfaction in King Khalid General Hospital in Hafer AL Batin City in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia A descriptive cross-sectional method for utilized to evaluate the relationship between the Job satisfaction variables among ex-pat nurses in King Khalid General Hospital. 53 nurses participants in this survey. The majority of respondents were male and they paid fairly for their work the supervisor as competent has the highest number of respondents more than half feel they get an adequate level of recognition when they do a good job the positive team dynamic has the highest number of participants and that can significantly improve job satisfaction.

Background: This study aimed to apply a high-power pulsed alexandrite laser in vitro, the researchers tested different exposure periods, pulse lengths, and laser fluencies to see which dosage was most successful against S. aureus bacteria, which had developed resistance to many antibiotics. Method: Three bacteria samples were exposed to laser beams for 30 seconds with a 5ms pulse duration and a laser fluency of 5J/cm2. The process was repeated with laser fluencies of 10, 15, and 20. Results: The study was carried out by using different doses of Alexandrite laser. Results: There are significant differences (p = 0.05) in the mean number of bacteria colonies exposed for 30 and 60 seconds at any laser fluencies utilized in the present investigation. Except for the 15 J.cm-2 laser fluency; there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between 60 sec and 90-sec exposure durations. Conclusion: In conclusion, the exposure periods, pulse durations, and laser fluencies of pulsed alexandrite laser were found to have an influence on the mean colony count of S aureus bacteria and to establish the effective dose.

Tuberculosis of the ear is rare; we report the case of an 86-year-old patient, followed for a dragging otitis resistant to local and general treatment whose clinical picture mimicked malignant extern otitis but during the biopsy of the polyp of the external auditory canal revived the diagnosis.

This study sought to determine the level of teaching motivation of 72 teachers from 11 public senior high schools in the Philippines based on self-efficacy, interest, and effort indicators. A 25-item questionnaire was employed, and the resultant data analyzed using a mixed method approach. Results showed that the outcome aspect of self-efficacy posted the highest score, while the personal aspect presented the highest degree of motivation. With regard to interest, the enjoyment aspect received the highest score suggesting the teachers’ general satisfaction with teaching. The lowest score was seen in the participants’ moderate agreement with the view that enjoyment make up for the financial drawbacks inherent in the profession. As for effort, the two aspects of performance and importance showed almost the same score indicating the participants’ equal regard for them as motivators. In addition, the teachers gave the highest score to peer encouragement and the desire for constant professional improvement. Overall, the results showed the participants’ passion for educating senior high school students under their tutelage, appreciation for the intrinsic rewards in teaching coupled with a realistic awareness of its strict demands and financial drawbacks, and a strong desire to improve themselves for the benefit of the learners.

Introduction: Incontinentia Pigmenti (IP) is a multisystem genodermatosis characterized by cutaneous, neurologic, ophthalmologic, and dental abnormalities. Skin alterations are the main characterestic of IP. They can change and even disappear over time, in contrast, dental ones are permanent and considered as the most frequent extra cutaneous signs. The aim of this work is to present two rare clinical reports of Incontinentia Pigmenti and to adress its frequent orofacial manifestations in the dental litterature. Case Reports: In this paper, we report two clinical cases of incontinencia pigmenti in two female patients, five and nine years old, who were first examined by a dermatologist due to skin changes and then referred to our pediatric dentistry department in la Rabta hospital for oral examination. We managed these cases in collaboration with the pediatric department. We also conducted a research in the following electronic databases: PubMed and google scholar using the following keywords: ("Incontinentia Pigmenti" AND "Child" AND "Tooth Abnormalities”), from 2011 to 2021, to compare dental findings in our patients with literature. Discussion: The most representative dental features of IP are: delayed tooth eruption, agenesis, high arched palate, peg like and malformed teeth, affecting both primary and permanent teeth. Therapeutic management of our patients consisted in the replacement of absent teeth with an aesthetic and functional space maintainer. The assessment of orofacial manifestations in Children with Bloch Sulzberger syndrome indicates that it appears almost exclusively in females and is usually lethal in males. The clinical expression of this disease found in our patients reflects the Data reported in the literature. The latter showed that the presence of symptoms other than skin changes is important if dermatological signs are subtle, which is in accordance with both our patients’ clinical expression. The most relevant finding of this review is the observation that most IP patients with odontological findings had the congenital absence of six or more teeth opposed to our second patient who had only one absent tooth. Conclusions: Incontinencia pigmenti is of a good prognosis but it may affect patients' quality of life hence the importance of knowing this syndrom and its oro-facial characteristics in order to obtain a correct diagnosis and apply an appropriate approach treatment.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a new group of drugs that have been recently used as part of antineoplastic therapy targeting the immune system to activate the anti-tumor effect. However, as a result of this immune activity adverse events usually occur that can affect different body parts known as immune related adverse events (irAEs). In the oral and maxillofacial area, irAEs mimic many immune-mediated conditions, including oral lichen planus, mucous membrane pemphigoid, and Sjögren syndrome, among others. The aim of this review is to summarize the irAEs in oral and maxillofacial areas and to enlighten oral healthcare professionals on how to recognize these events and to be a part of the care team for patients treated with ICIs.

The calophyllum inophyllum is a potential source of non-edible vegetable oil for producing biodiesel because of its ability to grow in a wide range of climate conditions, easy cultivation, high fruit production rate, and the high oil content in the seed. The biodiesel is extracted through transesterification process with methanol and NaOH as catalyst. The biodiesel was blended with diesel by various percentages such as B0, B25, B50, B75 and B100. The blends were prepared on a volume basis. Density, kinematic viscosity, flash point and fire point, these are the four main fuel properties that were investigated. The results showed that the density, viscosity, flash point and fire point of diesel fuels (B0) are lower than the calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel (B100). Therefore, the density, viscosity, flash point and fire point of the blend increases with the increase of biodiesel concentration.