Background: Psychology is the scientific study of human mind and its functions, especially those which affect behaviour in a given context. A personality profile is a comprehensive assessment that provides insights into an individual's psychological characteristics, behavioural tendencies, and emotional attributes. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to analyze and understand the personality profile of elite male badminton players of Bangladesh. Methods: The personality profile was measured for the present study. For assessing personality profile, 16 PF questionnaire which was developed by Cattell was considered. Personality factors were assessed using Bengali version of Raymond Cattell’s 16 PF questionnaires (Form-C) developed and standardized by Bose and Chatterjee (1984), Department of Applied Psychology, University of Calcutta. The 16 PF questionnaire was included total sixteen factors i.e. Factor A-reserved v/s outgoing; Factor B- less intelligent v/s more intelligent; Factor C-economically less stable v/s economically stable; Factor E- humble v/s assertive; Factor F-sober v/s enthusiastic; Factor G-expedient v/s conscientious; Factor H- shy v/s venturesome; Factor I-tough minded v/s tender minded; Factor L- trusting v/s suspicious; Factor M-practical v/s imaginative; Factor N-forthright v/s shrewd; Factor O- self assured vs. apprehensive; Factor Q1- conservative vs. liberal; Factor Q2- Group oriented v/s self sufficient; Factor Q3- undisciplined self-conflict v/s following self image; Factor Q4- relaxed v/s tensed. Total hundred male badminton players (n=100) who were attending National Coaching Camp of Bangladesh were selected as subjects. The collected data of personality factors were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: The results of the present study revealed that the subjects were lower average in Factor H. On the other hand they were also found to be higher than the normal in Factors G and Q3. In respect of other factors they had found average standard mean values. Conclusions: National level male badminton players of Bangladesh appear to be average in personality traits including; A (warmth), C (emotional stability), E (dominance), F (liveliness), I (sensitivity), L (vigilance), N (privateness, O (apprehension), Q1 (openness to change), and Q4 (tensions ). It is also found that they have less reasoning ability (Factor B), be shy, sensitive, and hesitant (Factor H) in respect of social boldness. National level male badminton players of Bangladesh appear to be dutiful and rule bound (Factor G), imaginative (Factor M), self reliant (Factor Q2) and socially precise (Factor Q3)) conscientious in respect of rule consciousness.

Background: Hypoalbuminemia, indicative of malnutrition and illness, is associated with a heightened risk of poor post-operative outcomes, particularly impaired wound healing. Pregnancy, characterized by elevated estrogen levels, may further complicate wound healing processes. Objective: To evaluate the association of serum albumin level with wound healing after a caesarean section. Methods: A cohort of 100 pregnant patients undergoing caesarean section at Dhaka Medical College Hospital was included between January and December 2020. Preoperative serum albumin levels were measured, with hypoalbuminemia defined as < 3.5 g/dl. Patients were categorized into groups of hypoalbuminemic (Group I) and normal albuminemic (Group II). Postoperatively, patients were monitored for 60 days to identify surgical site infections and signs of delayed wound healing. Results: The mean preoperative serum albumin level was 2.57±0.35 gm/dl in group I and 4.2±0.4 gm/dl in group II. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) between two groups. Out of 19 patients, 9 (47.4%) developed post caesarean wound infection and delayed wound healing in group I. Out of 81 patients, 7(8.6%) developed post caesarean wound infection and delayed wound healing in group II. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) with OR=9.51 having 95% CI (2.52-37.32). The number of post-operative days in hospital was 13.11±6.14 in group I and 3.22±1.41 in group II. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) between two groups. A subject with serum albumin (<3.5 gm/dl) had 7.626 (95.0% CI 2.324 to 25.02) times increased risk to develop wound infection and delayed wound healing after surgery. Other variables were not significantly associated with delayed wound healing. Conclusion: Hypoalbuminemia is an independent risk factor for the delay in wound healing. Low serum albumin level correlates well with the development of surgical site infection and delayed wound healing contributed to prolonged hospital stay.

The aim of this research is to analyze the role of product innovation capabilities on competitive advantage. The population of this research is consumers who shop at the Ada supermarket in the city of Semarang, Indonesia. Samples were taken from 125 respondents who were randomly selected. Data collection by distributing questionnaires to Ada Supermarket customers. The questionnaires were distributed using closed statements with alternative answers according to a Likert scale. 5 alternative answers, 1 (strongly disagree), 2 (disagree), 3 (disagree), 4 (agree) and 5 (strongly agree). The analysis tool uses SEM AMOS version 22. The findings of this research are that there is a positive and significant influence between proactive power, competitor orientation, flexibility of customer tastes on product innovation capabilities. There is a positive and significant influence between proactive power, flexibility of customer tastes and product innovation ability on competitive advantage.

The study investigated the effect of bank credit to the private sector on the performance of manufacturing sector in Nigeria, from 1981 – 2021. The objective of the study is to determine the effect of bank credit to the private sector (CPS) on the manufacturing output in Nigeria. To carry out the study, data were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin and National Bureau of Statistics for various years. The dependent variable for the study was manufacturing output while the proxies for exploratory variable include; credit to the private sector (CPS); interest and exchange rates. For analysis and estimation, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method was adopted. Augmented Dicker Fuller (ADF) tests for stationarity showed that the variables were integrated at first level while ARDL Bound tests established a cointegration relationship of the variables. The result of the study revealed that credit to the private sector (CPS), interest rate; and exchange rate (independent variables) on the aggregate accounted for 93.9% of the total variations on manufacturing output (dependent variable) in Nigeria during the study period while 6.1% was due to stochastic error. The result further found out exchange rate had a positive coefficient value and a significant impact on manufacturing output in Nigeria during the period of study while other explanatory variables that include credit to the private sector and interest rate were statistically insignificant on manufacturing GDP during the study period. On the basis of the findings, the researcher recommends that Central bank of Nigeria as an apex bank should apart from using both direct and indirect controls should strengthen the use of moral suasion to encourage banks not to relent in granting the sector as the government endeavours to diversify the revenue sources of the economy. Secondly, government and Central Bank of Nigeria (the apex regulatory body of banks) should take bold steps and use all necessary economic and financial policies and regulations to make lending a single digit interest rate in Nigeria especially in a critical sector like agriculture.

The increasing volume of international trade, coupled with the computer-nature of many of these relationships, has led to greater reliance on arbitration to resolve contractual disputes. This settlement of disputes by a non-judicial third party is increasingly called for, in international. Contracts because it is cheaper, quicker, and more private than resolving disputes through litigation. Equally important, however, is the fact that it can take place in a neutral location. The increase trade with countries such as China, Japan and Korea where mediation rather than litigation of disputes is traditional, has given added impetus to this trend. The growing attractiveness has resulted in the establishment of arbitration centers in world capitals such as London, Cairo, Hong Kong and Stockholm and major cities as Geneva and New York. Recognition and enforcement of international arbitration agreements and awards is generally controlled through multilateral treaties. An outgrowth of this trend has been the emergence of several major arbitral institutions that have conducted their own sets of rules and procedures. However, the parties to a contract are free to opt for a more informal or ad hoc arbitration arrangement based on their own set of guidelines. Such agreements are legally enforceable as long as the parties have agreed to abide by the arbitrator’s decision. In Cameroon however, since the passage of the OHADA Treaty was signed and ratified in 2000, it is applicable in the territory of Cameroon. This is the first treaty of its kind in Africa to deal with arbitration matters sometimes referred to as well.

Indonesia's environmental licensing process is critical for regulating business activities and safeguarding the environment. This analysis explores the interaction between this process and the government's recent efforts to enhance "ease of doing business." Before streamlining measures, obtaining environmental permits was a complex and time-consuming ordeal. Businesses faced difficulties meeting stringent requirements and navigating a bureaucratic labyrinth. The "ease of doing business" provisions aim to simplify procedures and expedite permit acquisition, ideally without compromising environmental protection. The paper emphasizes the importance of achieving a balance between efficiency and environmental protection. While streamlining can improve business competitiveness, a decline in environmental impact assessment quality could have negative consequences. The discussion also explores the various obstacles hindering the current licensing process, including complex bureaucracy, high costs, and limited interagency coordination. To overcome these challenges, the paper suggests measures to simplify procedures, improve communication between government agencies, and raise environmental awareness among businesses. By effectively integrating ease of doing business with environmental considerations, Indonesia can create a more efficient licensing system that fosters sustainable economic growth.

In “Howl”, Allen Ginsberg described the alternative life of a group of bohemian young people, criticizing the technological rationality in post-World War II American society and the mainstream culture. The poem has both rebellious and prophetic images. On the one hand, it rebels against tradition and gives vent to the author’s anger both in form and content; on the other hand, it sets a model for the counterculture movement of the hippies in the 1960s, heralding the arrival of a new and turbulent era.

There has been various studies research on the Impact of the Fiscal Policy on Economic Growth by testing the Wagner’s Law and Keynes theory. This study holds two objectives, the first objective is to review a performance of the implementation government expenditure, and second objective is to test on the government expenditure contributes to the economic growth in the Lao PDR. To reach these two objectives, this study applies two methodologies. The first methodology is descriptive approach to respond for the first objective, and second methodology is bound testing approach and vector error correction approach to respond for second. This study is applied for time series data in terms of annual data from 1981 to 2014 in all models. The source of the data is mostly the website of the Asia Development Bank (ADB) year 2016. The results of the first methodology shows that the performance of the government expenditure continued increase rapidly, especially in 1986, 1997 and policy changed in 2012-2013 in terms of current expenditure for salary and capital expenditure directly affected to real Gross Domestic Products growth. The results of the second methodology shows that the Keynes theory and Wagner’s Law are significant and satisfied for the Lao economy in the long run. It meant that government expenditure has directly contributed RGDP, and vice versa. However, in the short run are not significant and unsatisfied in any lag.

Satisfaction is considered as a motivation to help individuals who are not persistent enough to fully perform physical education exercises. However, the effect of satisfaction on fitness development has not been determined, especially for non-sport students. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of female students' satisfaction on general physical fitness at Saigon University. 1007 female student were volunteered and selected who divided randomize in two groups (experimental and control). The solutions to improve satisfaction was selected and applied to experimental group, while control group do not apply the solution and practice according to a predetermined 15-week training program. The one-way ANCOVA algorithm was used to assess the difference in the general fitness level of female students in the pre- and post-experiment stages between the experimental and control groups. The results indicated that there was difference in the general fitness level of female students between the group that applied the solutions and the control group in the study. Further research is needed to be able to clearly assess the factors affecting the physical development and satisfaction in different groups of subjects in terms of age, gender, higher training level and in different specialized sports group.

As a leading writer of postmodernism, Donald Barthelme in his masterpiece The Glass Mountain makes use of some postmodern writing skills, such as parody, fragment and irony, to demonstrate a destructive world and clearly illustrates an absurd story. Actually, the absurdity in the story has its profound social meaning, reflecting the author’s profound insight into the postmodern social reality.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) begins usually between 20 and 30. A second peak in incidence between 50 and 70 has been recognized. IBD in the elderly is defined as disease diagnosed after the age of 60. IBD in the elderly are special entity, characterized by their weakness, associated comorbidity, and their sometimes-severe course. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary particularities of IBD in elderly. This is a retrospective study over a 5-year period from July 2018 to July 2023 on 424 patients followed for IBD. We included patients with documented CD or UC and who are over 60 years of age at the time of diagnosis. Of the 16 patients enrolled, mean age at diagnosis was 69.48 [60-82], sex ratio F/M 1.28, 2 patients were smokers (12.5%), 13 (81.25%) had at least one associated comorbidity. 7 patients had CD (43.75%), 7 had UC (43.75%), and 2 had indeterminate colitis (12.5%). 3 patients underwent surgery (18.75%), 2 for severe acute colitis with subtotal colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis, and 1 for ileal fistulas with ileocecal resection and ileocolic anastomosis. The progression was favorable, with an average number of relapses of 2/year, and an average number of severe relapses of 0.5/year. Maintenance of remission was noted in 15 cases (93.75%). 8 patients were on 5-Aminosalicylates (5ASA) (50%), corticosteroids and immunosuppressives was prescribed in 4 patients (25%), anti-TNFs in 2 patients (12.5%), anti-interleukins 1 patient (6.25%) and 1 patient was in remission on no treatment. In conclusion, the disease localization and phenotype in this study are like those reported in the literature relating to elderly IBD patients, and despite concerns about the risk of acquiring infections and malignancies in this age group, a high rate of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive prescription is noted.

Introduction: Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne arboviral (arthropod-borne virus) disease which is of global concern. This fever is a benign syndrome caused by an arthropod-borne virus and is characterized by Biphasic fever, myalgia, arthralgia, rash, leukopenia, and lymphadenopathy. Aim of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and laboratory profile of dengue fever in children less than 15 years old admitted to an urban hospital. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics of Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Hospital (AKMMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from 4 April 2019 to 9 September 2019. They have followed up on the symptoms, platelet count and management of the patients. Data were analysed by using MS-Excel-2016. Result: In total 98 patients from both groups completed the study. In our study, we found a maximum of 54.08% were male, more than half 53(54.08%) patients were below five years of age, about 95(96.94%) of the patients had a fever. Maximum patients, 81(82.65%), were managed by I/V fluid, more than 72(73.47%) of the patients were managed by paracetamol. Others by antibiotics 16(16.33%), platelet transfusion 14(14.29%) and blood transfusion 12(12.24%). Other management also includes plasma, & dopamine. Conclusion: These study children about 0-15 years of age more commonly suffer from dengue fever. As the vaccine is not available in Bangladesh, these patients need a timely diagnosis and critical monitoring during the disease course to prevent severity and mortality.

The aim of this research is to analyze and find regulations regarding the maintenance of compensation for land acquisition for development in the public interest that are not based on justice. To analyze and find weaknesses in current regulations regarding the maintenance of compensation for land acquisition for development in the public interest. This research uses a sociological juridical approach. The specification of this research is qualitative research, namely legal research using empirical interviews with several informants. The interview aims to dig deeper into what the researcher wants to know by digging deeper into information from existing sources with dialectical exchanges between researchers and informants regarding Custody. compensation for land acquisition for public development. The research results found that the provision of compensation for land acquisition for development in the public interest was not based on justice as regulated in Article 68 Paragraph (1) letter f, Article 69 Paragraph (2), Article 85 A and Article 89 paragraph (1), paragraph (2) and paragraph (3) Government Regulation Number 39 of 2023 concerning Amendments to Government Regulation Number 19 2021 concerning the Implementation of Land Acquisition for Development in the Public Interest, and Article 132 paragraph (6) Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 19 of 2021 concerning Provisions for Implementing Government Regulation Number 19 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Land Acquisition for Development for the Public Interest, and Article 42 paragraph (3) of Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning the Stipulation of Government Regulations in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 concerning Job Creation into Law.

The aim of this research is to analyze law enforcement regarding the criminal act of illegal work placement. The approach method used is sociological juridical. The types of data used are primary and secondary data. The research results found that Law Enforcement of the Crime of Illegal Workforce Placement has not been running optimally considering: There is still a lack of job opportunities in Indonesia, so workers are forced to choose to work abroad via Batam in order to get a decent life; Indonesia is an archipelagic country, so law enforcement in cases of illegal Indonesian Migrant Workers is quite difficult considering that a large archipelagic country like Indonesia opens up opportunities for violations to be committed; The government has not accommodated Indonesian Migrant Workers as victims of illegal Indonesian Migrant Workers, resulting in law enforcement that is beneficial for all citizens not yet being felt optimally. For this reason, the need for law enforcement related to criminal acts of illegal workforce placement requires a holistic and coordinated approach in which strengthening cooperation between related parties must be built by increasing cooperation between law enforcement agencies.

Nepal's health sector vulnerabilities were exposed during the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, which prompted immediate reconstruction efforts. This disaster underscored the need for enhanced healthcare infrastructure throughout the country but encountered numerous challenges. This study aims to investigate the challenges faced during the post-earthquake reconstruction of health sector building projects in rural Nepal. Five major challenges were identified through a literature review, namely "resource challenges", "legal challenges", "physical and territorial challenges", "management and coordination challenges" and "social and cultural challenges". Perceptions on identified challenges were collected from 137 clients, consultants, and contractors working on 106 ongoing building construction projects in 9 districts across 3 provinces funded by the Government of India. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using the partial least squares (PLS) method was conducted with SmartPLS version 3 to identify the major challenges. All five challenges were found to be significant, with "resource challenges" being the most significant (β= 0.613), followed by "legal challenges", "physical and territorial challenges", "management and coordination challenges" and "social and cultural challenges". Based on these findings, it is suggested that Nepal should adopt a comprehensive strategy that includes proper resource management, improved legal frameworks, effective coordination between stakeholders, and an understanding of social and cultural dynamics to overcome these challenges. Therefore, all project stakeholders must collaborate to address these challenges, which will ensure a resilient and sustainable healthcare infrastructure in earthquake-prone regions like Nepal.