Background: Pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes face an elevated risk of congenital anomalies in their offspring. However, research on the pattern of congenital anomalies and its correlation with blood sugar control in pre-gestational diabetic mothers is limited, especially in our country's context. This study investigated the association between elevated HbA1c levels and congenital anomalies in diabetes-related pregnancies. Objective: To assess whether raised HbA1c levels were linked to an increased incidence of congenitally deformed fetal outcomes in pregnancies affected by diabetes. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2018 to September 2019 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, DMCH. Women with pre-gestational diabetes were sequentially enrolled if they provided informed consent. Data, including HbA1c levels and anomaly scans, were collected at 18-24 weeks of gestation. Participants were divided into two groups based on HbA1c levels: Group-1 (elevated HbA1c) and Group-2 (normal HbA1c). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22, with significance at p<0.05. Result: The mean ages of Group 1 and Group 2 were 31.60±2.89 & 30.51±2.99 (SD) years. Both groups were similar concerning age, residence, education, occupation, economic status, and BMI (p>0.05 in all factors). Mean HbA1C (%) of Group-1 and Group-2 were 8.57±2.22 & 6.18±0.20 (p<0.001), respectively. Congenital anomalies were more frequent in Group 1 (15.6 vs 2.2; p<0.05), and it is associated with high blood sugar levels (p<0.001) and with a previous history of anomalous babies in preceding pregnancies. Conclusion: Elevated HbA1c levels are associated with an increased incidence of congenital anomalies in pregnancies complicated by diabetes. This underscores the importance of strict glycemic control in pregnant women with pre-gestational diabetes to mitigate the risk of adverse fetal outcomes. Further, population-based studies are desired to validate these findings and inform clinical management strategies.

Background: Cervical cancer is the most frequent cancer in women worldwide. With appropriate screening, the condition can be prevented and treated. Colposcopy is a useful tool in the diagnosis and management of precancerous cervical lesions following primary screening. The gold standard for identifying precancerous lesions is histopathology. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance between colposcopy findings and histopathology reports Methods: The cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Colposcopy Clinic of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from July 2022 to June 2023. A total of 62 subjects were included in the study. The questionnaire was pretested, corrected and finalized. Data were collected by face-to-face interview and analyzed by appropriate computer based programmed software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24. Results: In this study, the mean age was found to be 36.8±11.9 years, with a range from 20 to >51 years maximum 44 (71.0%) of the patients were within the age group of 20 - 40 years. The majority 37 (59.7%) of patients completed SSC and most of the patients 56 (90.3%) were housewives. Most of the patients 59 (95.2%) were Muslims and about 32 (51.6%) came from middle-income families. About 25 (40.3%) patients were married between the ages of 15-17 years. About 25 (40.3%) were between 16-18 years during their first delivery and about 26 (41.9%) had 3-4 children and 21 (33.9%) had more than 4 children. Most of the patients 43(69.4%) had history of received OCP. Regarding colposcopic diagnosis, 12.9% (n=8) were normal, 69.4% (n=43) were CIN I, 9.7% (n=6) were CIN II and 8.1% (n=5) were CIN III and 30.6% (n=19) chronic cervicitis, 46.8% (n=29) CIN I, 6.5% (n=4) CIN II, 6.5% (n=4) CIN III, 4.8% (n=3) carcinoma in situ and 4.8% (n=3) were invasive squamous cell carcinoma by the histopathological diagnosis. Conclusion: Colposcopy had a rather high diagnostic accuracy for histopathologically verified precancerous cervical lesions. Even if the results of the screening tests are normal, patients who report with postcoital and postmenopausal bleeding should have colposcopies and biopsies. Colposcopy also has a high sensitivity, therefore it is simple to use the "see and treat" approach to lower dropout rates.

Background: Cervical cancer prevention strategies are evolving by integrating new screening modalities such as human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA). Colposcopy, as a diagnostic tool, plays a crucial role in the management of abnormal cytology smears, especially in developed countries. However, its utilization and efficacy in resource-limited settings like Bangladesh remain underexplored. Objective: This study aimed to assess the correlation between VIA positivity and colposcopic/histopathological findings in diagnosing precancerous cervical lesions among women in Bangladesh. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 women aged 30-60 attending the Gynecology OPD of Dhaka Medical College and Hospital. VIA positivity was determined, and all positive cases underwent colposcopic evaluation. Histopathological examination was performed for tissue samples obtained during colposcopy. Result: Among the participants, 21% were VIA-positive. Colposcopic evaluation revealed inflammation (26.2%), CIN I (38.1%), CIN II (11.1%), CIN III (9.5%), and invasive carcinoma (9.5%). Histopathology findings included inflammation (28.6%), CIN I (40.5%), CIN II (7.1%), and invasive carcinoma (16.7%). True positive and false positive cases were identified, with percentages calculated accordingly. Conclusion: Detailed colposcopic evaluation with guided biopsy is crucial for detecting pre-invasive and early cervical cancer. Integrating colposcopy into screening programs in Bangladesh could significantly reduce morbidity and mortality among young women.

Drilling is one of the most common and rudimental machining methods in the manufacturing industries for removal of unwanted material from the workpiece. How the cutting instrument and workpiece interact results in a mechanical force that causes the formation of chips during penetration, and these chips are evacuated through the flute created on the body of the drill tool. The interplay of forces at the drill point generates high temperatures, needed for the physical and chemical processes that weaken tools and lead to breakage. Optimal experimental designs are very important to obtain accurate optimization of engineering processes, an expert method was used to design the experimental layout and utilizing the Design Expert software, an experimental matrix which developed the parameters design of twenty experimental runs. The present study uses Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to forecast and optimize cutting forces during dry drilling operations. In developing the model, a dataset that included several factors such as depth of cut, feed rate, and cutting speed was used. The RSM model demonstrated a significant correlation between input parameters and cutting forces, as evidenced by its high coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.9493. On the other hand, the ANN model, which was trained using 70% of the data and validated using 15% of the data, showed a little lower R² value of 0.81434, but it was still able to make accurate predictions. Cutting forces were well predicted by both models, with RSM exhibiting a somewhat better performance in terms of accuracy. The results indicate that both RSM and ANN can be useful instruments for dry drilling cutting force optimization, offering insights for increased productivity and efficiency in machining operations.

This abstract outline the use of Tamsulosin, a selective α (1A and 1D)-adrenoreceptor blocker, to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The study's background highlights the most prevalent symptoms and prevalence of BPH in elderly men. The research objective and goal are to better understand the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, dose, clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerance of Tamsulosin, particularly in its modified release (MR) version. Considering evidence-based medicines have recently been made available, the treatment approach for current cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia has evolved. Considerations including therapeutic benefits, potential for morbidity, likely long-term effectiveness, and expenses must be made before selecting a therapy to relieve symptoms. When individuals with benign prostatic hyperplasia report with symptoms related to the lower urinary tract, the main treatment option is α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists. The technique includes a review of the literature on Tamsulosin's development, discovery, and approval, as well as its pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. The findings show that Tamsulosin MR is successful in treating BPH, with a preference for the 0.4mg once-daily dose.

Yellow Leaf Disease (YLD) poses a significant threat to arecanut cultivation, particularly in the South Indian states of Karnataka and Kerala. This study aimed to assess the incidence and intensity of YLD in the Malnad regions of Karnataka during 2021-22. Intensive roving surveys were conducted in major arecanut-growing areas, namely Sringeri, Koppa, and Narasimharajapura taluks of Chikkamagaluru district. The assessment was made through selecting five fields per location and calculating the percent disease incidence and intensity based on observed symptoms following established scoring systems. Results revealed varying levels of disease incidence and intensity across surveyed taluks and villages. In Chikkamagaluru district, Koppa, Narasimharajapura, Sringeri, and Kalasa taluks exhibited incidence ranging from 0 per cent to 100 per cent and intensity from 80 per cent to 100 per cent, while Narasimharajapura and Mudigere taluks showed incidence from 0 per cent to 60 per cent and intensity from 0 per cent to 30 per cent. The study underscores the endemic nature of YLD in these regions, likely influenced by soil and environmental factors, particularly in hilly areas with high rainfall.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is an predominatingly lethal viral contagion qualified in around thirty countries, and it has the roughly inclusive geographic allocation of the medically significant tick borne viral infections. Human become infected by tick bites, through pulverize infected ticks, next to contact with a case of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever pending the acute stage of infection, or through handle with tissues or blood from viremic kine. Clinical features mostly display a spectacular progression recognized by myalgia, fever and bleeding. The best method used for diagnosis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus by real time polymerase chain reaction.

Background: Medical treatment of abortion has been identified as safe and effective Method of evacuation of uterus and is more amenable to provision through primary care facilities, ever where providers may not have the skills to perform a surgical evacuation. Medical treatment of abortion care encompasses the management of various clinical conditions including incomplete abortion missed abortion, blighted ovum, as well as post-abortion contraception. Medical management of abortion generally involves misoprostol. Objective: To assess the role of medical treatment in abortion in pregnant women-an observational study. Methods: This is an observational study done at Uttara Adhunik Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2021 to July 2023. 101 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled. This is an attempt to study incomplete abortion after medical treatment of abortion and to observe the success read of this method of taking it among patients, with prescriptions or without it. Questionnaires were prepared and women were interviewed. Questions pertaining to women knowledge, attitude, perception and use of medicine for treatment of abortion, use of emergency contraception were asked. Study was carried out by using responses in the preform given. Results: This study was done in duration of two years and 101 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Women who had ectopic pregnancy, threatened abortion & excessive P/V bleeding were excluded. In our study, most of the women interviewed, were between 25-34 years of age (51.5%). Out of the 101 women, 99 women (98.01%) were married and 2 (1.99%) were unmarried. 76 women (75.2%) belonged to urban residence. 16 women (15.9%) were working women. 81 women (80.2%) were housewives. 4 (3.9%) interviewed were students. 41 women interviewed were illiterate (40.6%) while only 9 women (8.9%) were graduates. In our study, majority of women 76 (75.2%) had taken abortifacient or spontaneous abortion occur at <12 weeks of gestation. However, 05 (4.9%) women did not know about their gestational age. Main complication after taking medicine for abortion was moderate bleeding mentioned by 60 women (59.4%), incomplete abortion by 10 women (9.90%), Repeat prescription after 1 week 05 women (4.95%), pain by 27 women (26.7%) and need MVA or D&C by 07 women (6.93%). Among the 101 women who used misoprostol with known outcome, 90.09% had complete abortions, 10 (9.90%) had incomplete abortions. The rates of incomplete abortion and surgical intervention were not significantly different among the women with administration of misoprostol. Among blighted ovum after treatment, complete abortion 69.3% and 30.7% incomplete abortion. Conclusion: Medical treatment of abortion is safe and effective but complications can occur if not used in accordance. However, the awareness about medical treatment of abortion is increasing. It is therefore of utmost importance to increase the awareness about medical treatment of abortion not only among doctors but also among general population.

The study was done to investigate the knowledge and practice of occupational health hazard among two hundred and thirty two (232) healthcare workers in Kogi State Specialist Hospital (KSSH). The healthcare workers were selected through a multistage sampling technique, and the instrument used was self-administered semi-structured, closed ended questionnaire that assessed the health workers knowledge and practice of occupational health hazard as well as the relationship and factors that influences practice of occupational health hazard. Result from the findings of the study showed that 67.7% majority of the healthcare workers had good knowledge on occupational health hazard, and 92.2% majority of the healthcare workers had good practice towards occupational health hazard. More findings from the study showed that there is a significant relationship between the healthcare workers gender (Sig. values = 0.045 < 0.05), and knowledge (Sig. values = 0.007 < 0.05) on the practice of occupational health hazard. Finally from the study, female healthcare workers [AOR = 1.932; CI = 1.456 – 2.562], those within 30 – 39 years [AOR = 1.482; CI = 2.708 – 7.150], married [AOR = 14.308; CI = 8.154 – 25.105], Christians [AOR = 1.111; CI = 2.227 – 4.143], hospital attendants [AOR = 4.450; CI = 2.740 – 7.228], and healthcare workers with good knowledge [AOR = 2.334; CI = 1.749 – 3.141] are significant likely to practice good occupational health hazard prevention compared to their counterparts.

The literature on Split-Thickness Skin Graft (STSG) donor site dressings has not yet identified an ideal dressing, and most products tested by researchers for wound dressing are prohibitively expensive in Low- and Middle-income settings. Clinical trials using biological dressings have offered an alternative option for managing STSG donor sites wound. The aim of this systematic review is to find evidences regarding the effectiveness of medicinal plants on STSG donor site wound healing. A total of 249 papers were identified in the initial search. After removing duplicates and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 6 Randomized Clinical Trials were deemed relevant and included in the final review. Over twenty years four medicinal plants have entered clinical trial to enhance STSG donor site wound healing. The medicinal plants reviewed have large effect size regarding time to complete wound healing and wound score. However, the effect size of Aloe vera regarding time to complete wound healing and pain control vary from study to study. No patient quality of life was assessed neither cost-effectiveness of these products. Medicinal plants are potential cost effective antimicrobial and wound healing products for STSG donor site wound dressing. However, more clinical researches including patient quality of life among outcome measures are needed.

An observational study was done for a period of 6 months from 1st January, 2023 to 30th June, 2023 in the clinical biochemistry laboratory at GCS Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre. The study delved into pre-analytical errors within clinical biochemistry laboratories, focusing on error types, their prevalence, and potential impact. The study aimed to identify and quantify errors occurring in the pre-analytical phase, spanning from sample collection to report generation. Among the recorded errors (n=50), the most frequent was insufficient sample volume, signifying a pressing concern. Another prevalent error was Tests Not Mentioned or Add-on Testing, accounting for 26% of all errors, potentially disrupting workflow. The research also highlighted additional errors, including hemolysis, clotted samples, contamination from infusion routes, and lipemic samples. The study underscored the significance of addressing these errors to ensure accurate and reliable test results, thereby enhancing patient care. Overall, it provided valuable insights into the landscape of pre-analytical errors in clinical biochemistry, emphasizing the need for improved procedures, enhanced training, and effective communication to enhance the quality and precision of laboratory testing and, ultimately, patient care.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has a bright prospective to convert education in various ways, including personal learning experiences, automation based administrative tasks, enlightening accessibility, and providing real-time feedbacks to both concerned students & teachers. AI is going to adjust the concerned teaching strategies to increase learning outcomes of the educational institute students. High cost of the concerned tools and ethical concerns of AI is regularly preventing the educational institute to adopt in their systems. Purposeful sampling was chosen during the determination of the participants. Four target groups that include 100 persons in total have been identified regarding AI in education and 25 participants from each group viz. Academicians, Legal Experts, Technical Experts and Teachers. Results have suggested that uncontrolled, excessive and inappropriate use of mobile phone is causing social, behavioral and affective problems. There are fewer places for the teachers and more for the robots after the implementation of AI in the education. Displacement of the Jobs will be more possible in the area of teaching. AI means elimination of jobs for the persons engaged in the educational institute.

The impact of electromagnetic wave interference on electronic devices and the danger that can arise from it has become a problem that is being discussed at the international level. This paper discusses research on important and effective materials and compounds to be used for EMI shielding. In this paper, three basalt samples (A12, A14, and B12) have been selected and analyzed for reflection and absorption for RF and microwave frequencies.

The aim of performing this study is to develop matrix tablet to improve the dissolution rate of aceclofenac and release the drug in a controlled manner over a period of 24 hours. Matrix tablets of aceclofenac, using various viscosity of hydrophilic polymer HPMC in two different proportions, hydrophobic polymer ethyl cellulose and Guar gum were prepared by wet granulation method and subjected to in vitro drug release studies. Tablets were evaluated for in vitro drug release profile in phosphate buffer with pH 7.5. The thickness and hardness of prepared tablets were 3.8 ± 0.2 to 3.9 ±0.2 mm and 4 ± 3 to 5 ± 3 kg/cm2, respectively. The friability was within the acceptable limits of pharmacopeial specifications (0.31 to 0.71%), which indicates the good mechanical strength of the tablets. The in vitro drug release from the proposed system was best explained by Higuchi’s model, indicating that drug release from tablets displayed a diffusion-controlled mechanism. Based on the study results, formulation F7 was selected as the best formulation.

The study aimed to predict the binding affinity and interaction patterns between DNMT1, DNMT2, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, TET-1, c-Myc, TET-2, NF-kB and methionine synthase in complex with Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) using molecular docking simulations. In this study, A crystal structure of proteins (DNA methyltransferase 1, DNA methyltransferase 2, DNA methyltransferase 3A, DNA methyltransferase 3B, NF-kB, TET-1, c-Myc, TET-2 and methionine synthetase) was downloaded from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). the Auto Dock Vina and visualization by Discovery Studio and Chimera program were utilized for molecular docking study. The docking findings are examined to determine the docking pose based on binding affinity, hydrogen bonding, and other beneficial interactions (hydrophobic bond). In addition, it is used to visualise the proteins ligand interactions and analyze the binding pose of GA. Comparing the various binding energies and torsions of the test compound and the control revealed that the test GA had a perfect docking score, and it was predicted to possess comparable anti-tumour and anticancer activity.