Chronic hepatopathies are cosmopolitan disorders, the most common of which are chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is a pathology of diverse etiologies characterized by diffuse disorganization of the normal hepatic structure due to hepatocyte destruction, with the appearance of regenerative nodules surrounded by fibrosis compressing the hepatic vascularization and causing portal hypertension. We report the case of a patient hospitalized in intensive care for decompensation of chronic hepathopathy during her 4th pregnancy, and we will describe the various consequences of pregnancy on this type of hepathopathy and vice versa via a detailed review of the literature.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-malignant proliferation of prostatic cells resulting in glandular and stromal enlargement. It afflicts men in their advancing years resulting in lower urinary tract symptoms and alteration of quality of life (Qol). Diabetic patients seem to have larger prostate volumes than non-diabetic counterparts and this has formed an area of intense research interest. The aim of this work was to answer the research question: whether there is any significant difference in prostate volume between diabetic and non-diabetic men diagnosed with BPH. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively studied one hundred and thirty two (132) patients over a period of one year between October 2022 and September 2023 who presented in our Urology clinic for evaluation. Information were retrieved from their case notes and entered into a proforma. Data generated were analysed and used for this study. Results: Out of the 132 patients, diabetic men were 36(27.3%) while non-diabetics were 96 (72.7%). Mean overall age was 62.61±8.83 years, mean prostate volume was 59.53±45.50m/s and there was a significant mean difference in prostate volume between diabetic and non-diabetic populations (P=0.027). Conclusion: The research concluded that prostate volume in diabetic patients was higher than prostate volume in non-diabetic BPH patients.

Flaxseed, derived from the humble flax plant (Linum usitatissimum L.), has gained substantial recognition as a nutritional powerhouse in recent years. This abstract delves into the multifaceted attributes that make flaxseed an inimitable functional food for the human diet. With its rich history dating back to ancient civilizations, flaxseed has undergone a remarkable resurgence due to its exceptional health benefits. One of the standout features of flaxseed is its remarkable nutritional profile. It is renowned for being an excellent source of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a plant-based omega-3 fatty acid crucial for heart health. Furthermore, flaxseed is abundant in dietary fiber, lignans, and various essential vitamins and minerals, making it a versatile ingredient for promoting overall well-being. The advantages of flaxseed for health are numerous. It is known to reduce the risk of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and certain cancers. Its high fiber content aids in digestive health and weight management. Moreover, the lignans found in flaxseed exhibit powerful antioxidant properties, helping to combat oxidative stress and inflammation. Flaxseed's versatility extends to its culinary applications. It can be easily incorporated into a myriad of dishes, including smoothies, baked goods, and salads, enhancing both flavor and nutrition. In conclusion, flaxseed stands out as an inimitable functional food for the human diet, offering a potent combination of essential nutrients and health-promoting compounds. Incorporating this humble seed into daily nutrition holds the potential to transform health outcomes and contribute to a healthier, more vibrant future for individuals worldwide.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is considered one of the most threats to human health and is considered a fatal threat globally. Hepatocellular carcinoma is still a health challenge, and its incidence is growing worldwide. The role of non-coding miR-141 RNA in Hepatocellular carcinoma needs more investigations. Micro-RNA consists of 18-22 nucleotides. The role of miR-141 in hepatocellular carcinoma needs many investigations. The expression of miR-141 was elucidated in different cell lines including HepG2, HuH7, and the normal cell lines. The cell survival rate was detected in the case of untreated cells, control cells, and transfection by overexpression vector for miR-141, and anti-miR-141 transfection in the HepG2 cell line. The survival rate was at its highest level in the case of overexpressed miR-141 while it showed the least survival rate at anti-miR-141 transfection. Additionally, the effect of miR-141 was tested on both the IL-6 as an inflammatory cytokine and on TNF-α as well. In conclusion, miR-141 plays a pivotal role in HCC carcinogenesis.

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is a new technique in marketing where the marketer tries to develop long term relationship with the customers to develop them as life time customers. This research checks the impact of customer relationship management activities on bank’s customer retention in The State Bank of India, Vikasnagar. For the purpose of study, a sampling analysis was conducted among (550) customers selected with the help of a structured questionnaire. (460) questionnaires were usable. Statistical answers give support on the high positive relationship between customer relationship management (CRM) and customer satisfaction. Thus, this paper aims to identify the reasons for the customers to prefer The State Bank of India at Vikasnagar. Further, this paper focuses the service provided by the staff in the bank. This paper is an attempt to find out CRM role in The State Bank of India at Vikasnagar and few recommendations were suggested from this study were to create an awareness of loan facility, internet banking and locker service.

Background: The definition of stillbirth recommended by WHO for international comparison is a baby born with no sign of Life at or after 28 weeks gestation. Aim of the study: The study aims to identify common risk factors associated with IUFD in Gaibandha 250 Bedded District Hospital, Gaibandha, Bangladesh. Methods: This Cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Gynecology & obstetrics, Gaibandha 250 Bedded District Hospital, Gaibandha, Bangladesh. participant was recruited retrospectively from medical records spanning one year from March, 2023 to Feb 2024. Result: The study involves 75 participants, predominantly aged 21-30 (57.90%) with primary education (55.00%). Most are housewives (65.50%) with average income. Pregnancy experience varies, with 2-3 pregnancies being the most common (36.40%). Most have normal systolic blood pressure (81.80%) and mild anemia (78.40%). Obstetric history includes abortion (18.20%) and IUFD (13 patients). Regular antenatal care (63.60%) is prevalent. Gestational age is >36 weeks for 37% of cases. Birth weights range primarily from 1-2kg (39%). Maternal factors contribute significantly to intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD), including chronic hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Conclusion: The findings underscored the significant impact of maternal, fetal, and socio-demographic variables on IUFD incidence. Maternal factors such as hypertension and pre-eclampsia emerged as significant contributors, alongside fetal and cord-related issues. Socioeconomic disparities and inadequate antenatal care underscored the importance of holistic healthcare interventions to mitigate IUFD risks.

The study investigated effect of prolonged administration of Raphia Hookeri fruit pulp on oxidative stress markers in male wistar rats. A total of 24 male wistar rats of weight ranging from 200g to 350g were used. The rats divided in 4 groups, 3 groups administered orally with doses of extract at 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg and 2000mg/kg body weight while control group fed with feed and water for 28 days. The animals sacrificed, samples taken, laboratory test done for stress markers. Statistical analysis done at p<0.05, values expressed as SEM. Results showed Malondialdehyde (MDA) values for group 2(0.77 ± 0.32nm/ml), group 3(1.79 ± 0.73nm/ml) and group 4(3.35 ± 0.20nm/ml) while for group 1(Control group) MDA value is 4.10 ± 0.3nm/ml. Mean values for Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in treated groups (2-4) were 18.00 ± 1.0 units/ml, 29.50 ± 8.50units/ml, and 33.50 ± 37.25units/ml respectively and mean value for control group was 68.00 ± 4.0units/ml. Mean values for Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) in test groups (2-4) were 53.50 ± 10.50ng/ml, 63.50 ± 5.50ng/ml, and 82.50 ± 6.50ng/ml respectively. GPx value for control group was 94.00 ± 3.00ng/ml. There was a graded increase from low dose to high dose. All treated groups indicated marginally (P>0.05) reduced values of Percentage change in body weight when compared to the control group (Group 1). Elevated levels of MDA indicates an increased oxidative stress and lipid. Higher levels of SOD and Gpx. This research demonstrates the ability of Raphia Hookeri fruit pulp to decrease oxidative stress hence regular consumption is recommended.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and mechanisms of atrial fibrillation (AF) among type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Methods: We conducted a thorough search of PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Science Direct to find pertinent literature. Rayyan QRCI was utilized during the entire process. Results: We included twelve studies with a total of 587,822 T2D patients and 299,957 (51%) were females. The prevalence of AF among T2D patients ranged from 0.2% to 41.63% with a total prevalence of 44936 (7.6%). The reported risk factors for developing AF among T2D patients were impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), men, obesity, elderly patients, those with lower socioeconomic backgrounds, those who currently smoked, people with reduced renal function, long-term BP fluctuation, and microvascular illness. Conclusion: Although the exact relationship between T2D and AF is still unclear, there is a significant correlation. Certain glycemic control studies indicate that therapeutic HbA1c levels in conjunction with well-controlled T2D do not significantly reduce the risk of new-onset AF in T2D patients. Further investigation is needed to fully comprehend the connection between T2D and AF. In the interim, healthcare professionals can treat people with T2D, AF, or possibly both illnesses at the same time according to accepted guidelines.

Introduction: Menstrual regulation, or the evacuation of the uterus of a woman at risk of being pregnant is done to ensure a state of no pregnancy, was introduced in Bangladesh in the 1970s in the context of a restrictive abortion law, in part to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality associated with unsafe abortion. Objectives: The study is designed to see the efficacy, safety and acceptability of uterine evacuation by medication using oral mifepristone and buccal misoprostol. Methods: All the patients attending the outpatient department. Of obstetrics & gynaecology in DNMCH during the study period seeking for MRM unwanted pregnancy. Of them 100 cases were selected purposively according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Success was defined as medical abortion. Results: The oral misoprostol-mifepristone regimen, used by 100 women with a gestational age below 63 days, had a success rate of 92.0%. Ninety two percent patients were completely evacuated and Eight percent patients were incompletely evacuated. Conclusion: An evidence based regimen of 200 mg of mefipristone orally followed by home use of 800 mcg of buccal misoprostol 24hr later is safe and effective up to 9 weeks (63 days) of pregnancy. Further the need of aspiration for any reason was low and hospitalization was rare.

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the risk factors and association of the incidence of diabetic kidney disease in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. Methods: We conducted a thorough search of PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Science Direct to find pertinent literature. Rayyan QRCI was utilized during the entire process. Results: We included eight studies with a total of 11,468 T2D patients and 4966 (43.3%) were females. The available literature on the association between T1D and CKD among adolescents lacks epidemiological data on the prevalence and sex differences. Higher eGFR, diabetes duration, low C-peptide levels, glycemic control, age at a clinic visit, advanced glycation end products, and BMI were reported as significant risk factors for developing renal impairment in adolescents with T1D. Conclusion: The results of this research point to the necessity of a standardized screening procedure for the early identification and appropriate treatment of DKD. In order to provide an accurate assessment of this illness, methodological approaches should be taken into account. Furthermore, it's imperative to educate teenagers with T1D about the possibility of DKD, which can result in renal failure and even death. Future improvements in the quality of life for teenagers with T1D are anticipated as a result of this awareness.

This study was to determine the digitalizing cyber security for data management in higher education: Implication for Educational Management in Nigeria. Two research questions and hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The population of this study comprises 4000 students from four tertiary instructions in Cross River State. The sampling technique employed by the researcher in the selection of the sample was the simple random sampling technique. The sample size selected for this study was 400 students in selected schools which represents 10 percent of the accessible population comprising of 200 males and 200 females. The questionnaire was designed to measure the two sub-independent variables. The reliability of the instrument was 0.85 reliability coefficient. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the request questions. While Simple linear regression analysis statistical tool was used to test the null hypotheses that were formulated to guild the study at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study show that the educators’ lack of knowledge and expertise regarding cyberspace in tertiary institution significantly influence cyber security knowledge in data management in tertiary institution and Cyber security knowledge in data management in tertiary institution significantly reduces cyber-bully, online fraud, racial abuse, pornography and gambling among educators and students in tertiary institution in Cross River State, Nigeria. Based on the conclusion, it was recommended that tertiary institution management should formulate educational policies and curriculum the will help in addressing problems of cybercrime in schools. And students and educators should learn Cyberspace knowledge since it is very important in our day to day activities.

The agriculture sector in India has spent the last few decades primarily focusing on expanding agricultural output and enhancing food security. This approach included the following steps: first is, enhancing production through the use of high-quality seeds, agricultural chemicals, fertilizers, and irrigation. Second is, providing subsidies for farm inputs and paying fair prices for crops. Third is, Public investments in agriculture, and last is institutions that facilitate trade. Mid through the 1960s, the nation experienced a food shortage. In India, the green revolution overcome the path to address the food crisis that had persisted for the previous fifty years. India's population increased by 2.55 times while production of food increased by 3.7 times, which has made India a self-sufficient country in the food industry and able to export the net food to other countries. The strategy had no impact on the rise of farmers' income and had no provisions for their welfare. Several studies demonstrate that an increase in output should increase a farmer's income, but this was not always true. The Government of India (GoI) has announced in the union budget to double the income of farmers by 2022. Various grass root institutions are existing in India such as self-help groups, farmer's groups, farmer's interest groups, cooperatives, common interest groups, and Farmer Producer Organization (FPO). The GOI has suggested FPO as a tool, In order to mobilize the farmers and bring them under one umbrella to achieve the goal and double the farmers' income. Farmer Producer Organizations offer small and marginal farmers institutional support, assure a stable income for their agricultural output, and ultimately improve their standard of living. The main objective of this paper is to examine the structure of farmers' income in the country and how Farmer producer organizations empower the farmer's income to assess the possibility of enhancing the farmers’ income and discuss the FPO's tools for increasing the farmers’ incomes. The study is based on secondary data and the study is primarily exploratory. This paper addresses the issue of farmers' income and FPOs. This paper is based on 70th and 77th round NSSO Situation Assessment Surveys. The data pertains to the years 2012 and 2018-19. The information was gathered from different secondary sources, such as data on policies and other government sources, including NGOs, National and international management journals, and online sources are included. The study concludes that although boosting farmers' real earnings in six years is a challenging challenge, it may not be entirely unachievable if appropriate techniques are used. The study finds that increases over five to six years in nominal terms are already occurring. The instruments should be multifaceted and focus on increasing returns, lowering costs, and creating sustainable incomes while taking into account the dwindling natural resource base. For tracking the development, we should periodically have access to trustworthy income statistics. The income described in this paper is the gross cost of production. It can be concluded that FPOs form a core part of the strategy to sustain the life of small and marginal farmers out of poverty and enhance their income and competitiveness in agricultural markets. The expected result of this effort is to provide a single window for farmers to increase their income from farm produce through direct marketing and to gain collective bargaining power. So, the purpose of this study is to illustrate how smallholder farmers might raise their income through FPOs, which may help the farmers in doubling their income and empower them.

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed that we as a global society are not prepared enough to deal with food security amid unexpected situations. The global population is steadily increasing, posing significant challenges to food and feed security. With the world's population projected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, finding alternative protein sources that are environmentally friendly and economically viable is becoming increasingly important. In recent years, there has been growing interest in using insect protein as a sustainable alternative to traditional meat production. This interest stems from several factors, including the increasing global population, the environmental impact of meat production, and the need for more sustainable practices in the food and feed industry. This paper will explore the potential advantages and limitations of edible insects as a source of protein for future food and feed security.

Context: The returnees from Congo Brazaville were received by the town hall of Kinshasa which brought them to Maluku. From there, those with closer family members went home, but the others and their children settled around the Cardinal Malula stadium for lack of accommodation. Purpose: This study is carried out with the aim of analyzing the socio-sanitary situation of people expelled from Brazzaville based around the municipality of Kinshasa. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey made it possible, by interview and direct observation with the support of an interview guide, to collect information from 321 Congolese from the DRC expelled from the Republic of Congo, living in the commune of Kinshasa. This information was statistically analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. Results: It emerges from the descriptive analysis that the majority of respondents, ie 68.2%, were housed in tents. 84.4% experienced both physical and moral violence. 62.6% had an altered physical state. The most frequent problems include: lack of access to health care (100%); insalubrity (80.9%); malaria associated with other pathologies (80.8%) or alone and lack of access to drinking water (74.7%). From the inferential analysis, it emerges that the factors associated with the state of health of the repressed were: poor bowel management resulting in the use of stage [RR = 3.4 (1.70-6.69); p ˂ 0.000] or open air [RR = 2.93 (1.38 – 6.23); p ˂ 0.005] instead of a latrine; violence [RR = 2.91 (2.07 – 4.08); caring for at least 5 children [RR = 1.71 (1.21–2.41); p ˂ 0.002] as well as divorce [RR = 1.49 (1.16 – 1.92); p ˂ 0.002]. Conclusion: The socio-sanitary situation of those expelled from Brazzaville was not favourable. The direct involvement of the political and health authorities of the DRC with the support of national or international organizations would allow the proper management of humanitarian crises in the country.

The rapid drop in the standard of Fair Labour Practices in the private sector of Cameroon is so disturbing. Generally, the recognition of the basic right of each citizen such as the right to work and the security of employment is of paramount importance to a worker because work brings wages by which workers and their families depend on, works gives dignity and meaning to the life of a worker and make the world economy run accordingly. That is why the Cameroonian labour legislator has made much effort in addressing the situation of workers who have been unlawfully dismissed from work by malicious employers or workers whose basic rights to work and security of employment may be threatened. The aim of this study therefore, is to ascertain the regulatory Constraints to labour malpractices in Cameroon. These Labour malpractices mostly committed by profit conscious employers of Labour in Cameroon are characterized amongst others by; the imposition of standard form contracts on their workers, discrimination in the private sector employment, subjecting workers under unsafe working environment and deplorable conditions of work, wrongful discharge of employment, the practice of divide and conquer style of management, gross violations of workers fundamental human rights, arbitrary variation of substantial terms of employment contracts, the questionable practices of labour inspectors, unreasonable restraint clauses in the private sector employment contracts, non-respect of government-mandated minimum guarantee wage, non-conformity of internal rules and regulations to national standard, wrongful suspension of contract of employment etc. These deviant dispositions of employers of Labour, although contrary to deontology, are so embedded in the Cameroonian Labour market causing private sector workers to remain at the same level from January to December every year of their life. In a bid to attain the overall purpose of this study, this research adopts the qualitative research methodology which involve an in-depth content analysis of both primary and secondary data. Findings, therefore, reveal that despite the regulatory, institutional and policy framework put in place to protect private sector employees against any form of labour malpractices, private sector employees are not adequately protected because of gaps in the labour legislation, conflicting interests, economic impact, low Scholarisation of workers, political impact, ineffective implementation of prevailing regulations, the introduction of powerless staff representatives, laxity on the part of some Labour Inspectors to ensure the respect of labour legislation etc constitutes the basis for the multiplication of gross violation of employment rights in the private sector within the country. This research conclude theoretically that the Cameroon Labour Legislation to an extent, guarantees the protection of private sector employees but practically it effective implementation and enforcement leaves much to be desired. This has necessitated the suggestion of some policy recommendations for the way forward. In this regard, in order to attain an effective regulatory, institutional and policy framework which guarantees the protection of workers against any form of labour malpractices in the private sector, we recommends a review of the 1992 Labour Code to better handle any form of labour malpractices affecting private sector employment in today’s era and the Labour Inspectorate being the central state institution charged with the enforcement of employment rights should not only be found seating at the regional and divisional headquarters, they should equally be established in each sub-division in other to take justice nearer to workers who are mostly employed by employers of unskilled labour in the country.