The over-the-top technique with lateral plasty is a technique that allows anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and lateral plasty using a graft consisting of semitendinosus and gracilis that remain attached at the tibial level. This technique uses only the tibial tunnel without the femoral tunnel. We report on a series of 3 patients operated on for anterior knee instability following an anterior cruciate ligament injury in the orthopaedic department of the Delafontaine Hospital in Saint Denis, France, and discuss the results with a review of the literature.

Drug addiction is a one of the fast growing problem among the youth in the world and Bandipora District of Kashmir Valley is no exception due to prolonged turmoil, unemployment and economic uncertainty. The present study was conducted to know about the reasons of drug addiction, awareness among the people of Bandipora about drug abuse and the preventive measures adopted by the stake holders. 600 persons were selected at random from different areas of Bandipora. Among them 300 were male and 300 female. A questionnaire was circulated among them during the year 2023. The results obtained revealed a horrifying picture and a threat for entire society if the drug menace is not controlled.

The article discusses the concept of universal jurisdiction and its implementation in international law. It explores the relationship between universal jurisdiction and treaty law, as well as customary international law. The author emphasizes the importance of universal jurisdiction in holding individuals accountable for serious international crimes, even when they flee to another country. The article also discusses the concept of hot pursuit and its connection to universal jurisdiction. Real-life geopolitical events are presented to illustrate the complexities and challenges of implementing universal jurisdiction. The author argues that universal jurisdiction can contribute to peace and security by redefining international relations and moving away from traditional approaches. The article draws on various primary and secondary sources to support its arguments.

Introduction: in hemodialysis patients. Osteoporosis associated with kidney disease chronic is a complex entity with significant morbidity and mortality relative to risk of fracture. Its prevalence is high, but the incrimination of clinical and biological factors remains poorly identified. The purpose of our study is to determine the prevalence and factors associated with osteoporosis. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 40 chronic hemodialysis patients for at least 6 months. All subjects underwent a bone mineral density (BMD) assay with dual-energy x-rays absorptiometry (DXA) at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN). Data were statistically analyzed by means of descriptive analysis. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the T-score to define the osteoporotic (t score≤-2.5) and the no-osteoporotic (t score>-2.5). The search for the risk factors studied [age, duration of hemodialysis, parathyroid hormone (PTH), alkaline phosphatases (ALP), and calcification of the abdominal aorta (AAC)] has been carried out by logistic regression. Results: The average age was 59 ± 16 years, 47% were women, and the median of hemodialysis duration was 54 months. The prevalence of osteoporosis at the lumbar spine was 27.5% and at the femoral neck was 32.5%. Regarding risk factors, at the LS, the factors associated with osteoporosis retained in the univariate analysis were age (p=0.034), PTH (p=0.024), AAC (p=0.024), ALP (p=0.027) and in the multivariate analysis, only PTH was significantly associated (p=0.019). At the FN; The factors associated with osteoporosis retained in analysis univariate were age (p = 0.03), AAC (p = 0.01), ALP (p=0.04) and in analysis multivariate was the APL (p= 0.035). Conclusion: Osteoporosis is associated with turnover abnormalities. We suggest that regular screening for fracture risk using DXA and early correction of the disorders.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder characterized by hormonal dysregulation, metabolic disturbances, and reproductive abnormalities. Probiotics are the gut bacteria which helps in digestion and possess several functionalities positively in body like immunomodulation, hormonal balancing, antihypertensive etc. There are evidences pointing for preventive as well as therapeutic results from the PCOS symptoms by administrating probiotics to the adolescent women. Some triggers causing implications of gut microbiota alterations in PCOS, including modulation of host metabolism, inflammation, insulin resistance, and reproductive function. Present paper reviews the mechanism through which these outcomes are achieved.

With the accelerating speed of artificial intelligence and mobile technology so many companies have fully replaced the traditional services with technology-based self-services. However sometimes fully replacing the traditional service with self-service technologies develops negative attitude among users and they resist and inhibit that technology. For understanding that resistance behavior we draw inferences from psychological reactance theory. Grounded on this theory present study examines the role of some paradoxes (technology anxiety, insecurity) within the context of self-service technology environment. This research develops conceptual model to investigate the impact of two paradoxes such as: technology anxiety and insecurity on adoption attitude. We tested the model and relevant research hypotheses with survey data collected from 152 users of self-service technology in India. The results of the study recommend the service providers that instead of replacing whole service options some choices during the process develops positive attitude among users of technology.

Background: Male sexual dysfunction is a group of disorders that affect sexual function, most notably erectile dysfunction (ED), Peyronie's disease (PD), and premature ejaculation (PE). More than 50% of men between the ages of 40 and 70 report having some form of erectile dysfunction, which is a rather high prevalence that rises with age. Age, diabetes mellitus (DM), cancer, stroke, hypertension, penile trauma, depression, anxiety, and disturbances in central serotonin neurotransmission and 5-HT postsynaptic receptor function are risk factors for male sexual dysfunction. The International Index of Erectile Dysfunction, the Sexual Health Inventory for Men, and the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool are three sexual questionnaires that can be used to screen for these illnesses. Fenugreek, or Trigonella foenum-graecum L., also known as methi (in Hindi), has been used as a culinary spice, flavouring ingredient, and medicinal plant for a long time. Despite being more well-known for its seeds, fenugreek leaves and stems have also been claimed to offer medical benefits, including laxative, lactation stimulant, and labour assist properties. Method: The purpose of the current study was to assess the efficiency of flavonoids and steroid saponin found in Trigonella foenum-graecum seed for their inhibitory influence on PDE-5 enzyme to elicit the aphrodisiac potency. The Auto Dock software used a grid-based docking algorithm to determine the bond. Result: Fenugreek found to be effective aphrodisiac agent and effectively binds to be target protein PDE-5 with binding energy -9.8, -10.6, -7.88 & -6.61 kcalmol-1for Diosgenin, gitogenin, Naringenin and Vitexin respectively. Conclusion: The outcome of findings revealed that steroidal saponin(diosgenin) and flavonoid(vitexin) showed potent inhibitory effect on PDE-5 enzyme which reflects the efficacy of fenugreek seed as potent aphrodisiac agent via synergetic effect of steroidal saponin and flavonoid.

Background: The study of free radical chemistry has received a considerable lot of attention recently. Our bodies produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and free radicals as a result of a variety of endogenous processes, exposure to various physiochemical situations, or pathological conditions. For optimum physiological function, free radicals and antioxidants must coexist in balance. Oxidative stress results when the body's defences against free radicals are overpowered. As a result, free radicals damage lipids, proteins, and DNA and cause a variety of human disorders. Therefore, using antioxidants from an external source can help to manage this oxidative damage. In contrast to synthetic antioxidants, which are either added to food to increase its shelf-life or are synthesised by plants and found in the foods we consume, natural antioxidants are produced by plants (for example, vitamins and other naturally-occurring substances in our food) (e.g. BHT). Annona squamosa. (Annonaceae, Family). Hindi-speaking locals refer to it as "Sitaphal." Insecticidal, purgative, laxative, astringent, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-ulcer, anti-oxidant, antimalarial, and antibacterial are only a few of the pharmacological effects of the plant. Method: In current study HO-1 protein selected as target protein. The Auto Dock software used a grid-based docking algorithm to determine the bond. Using the Merck Molecular Force Field, 2D structures of compounds were created, transformed to 3D, and then energetically decreased up to an arms gradient of 0.01. (MMFF). Result: Flavonoids of A.squamosa found to be effective antioxidant component and effectively binds to be target protein HO-1 with binding energy -6.18 & -5.26 kcalmol-1for quercetin and rutin respectively. Conclusion: The finding of the in-silico molecular docking showed that both lead compound is effective binds & inhibitory action on target protein. The molecular docking of ligands like quercetin and rutin with human HO-1 receptor revealed that it has exhibited the chemical interaction with the amino acids in the active pockets.

Background: Androgenic alopecia (AGA), commonly referred to as male pattern baldness, represents a prevalent condition characterized by hair loss in men worldwide. While genetic factors primarily influence AGA, hormonal imbalances, particularly involving androgens, play a significant role in its pathogenesis. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy has emerged as a promising treatment option for AGA in males, offering hope for effective solutions for hair loss. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of PRP injections in the treatment of androgenic alopecia in males. Methodology: In this prospective study spanning January 2023 to January 2024, 30 male patients with androgenic alopecia (AGA) were enrolled. Diagnosis relied on clinical evaluation, with AGA staging based on the Norwood-Hamilton scale. Patients underwent baseline blood workup and received four PRP injection sessions every three weeks. Visual assessments, digital photography, and a hair pull test were conducted at specified intervals. PRP was prepared from peripheral blood using centrifugation and activated with calcium chloride before injection into affected scalp areas using the nappage technique. Data analysis employed SPSS software, with continuous variables expressed as mean ± SD and categorical variables as numbers and percentages. Fisher’s exact test was used for qualitative data analysis, with significance set at p < 0.05. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PRP injections in treating AGA in males. Results: The study population's age distribution showcases a varied demographic, with the majority falling within the 28 to 47-year-old range, particularly dominant in the 38-47 years group (50%), followed by 28-37 years (36.67%), while individuals aged 18-27 years represent 13.33% of the total participants. In terms of male pattern baldness, the Modified Norwood Hamilton classification reveals a predominant presence of moderate to slightly advanced stages, with Grade III being the most prevalent (23.30%), followed by IIIa (16.67%) and IIa (16.67%). Additionally, Grade II accounts for 10% of the population, while the more severe stages, IV and IVa, collectively make up 18.50%. At baseline assessment, the majority of patients exhibited moderate hair loss (75%), with mild hair fall noted in 20% and severe hair fall in 5% of the cohort. Over the course of the study, visual assessment on a 7-point scale demonstrated a progressive improvement, with initially all participants showing no change, which decreased to 26% by the 4th month, accompanied by increasing percentages of mild (40.6% at 4th month), moderate (29.6% at 4th month), and excellent (3.7% at 4th month) improvements. Analysis of improvement in the fronto-temporal region compared to the vertex region indicated differences in distribution but lacked statistical significance across categories of improvement (p-values ranging from 0.15 to 1.00), with moderate improvement being more prevalent in the vertex region (50%) compared to the fronto-temporal region (23.8%). Conclusion: PRP therapy offers a straightforward and cost-effective approach to treating AGA in males. With high patient satisfaction rates and minimal adverse effects, PRP presents itself as a viable option for individuals who have not responded satisfactorily to conventional treatments.

Plasmodium berghei infections which usually kill mice in 7-14 days can be terminated in most cases by administration of leaf and stem extracts of Phyllanthus amarus, in doses of 325-108.3mg/kg after inoculation of the animals with 6.2x103 parasitized red blood corpuscles. The methods employed in the course of the study were evaluation of the blood schizontocidal activity on early evaluation of the blood schizontocidal activity during established infection using mice as a case study. The 3-test showed a merozoiticidal action on Plasmodium berghei after taking 4-5µ1 of blood and preparing a thick smear and viewing with x 100 magnification. From the result obtained, blood schizontocidal activity during established infection showed a more promising result from 82.72-93.64%. Thus from all indications of my result it shows that the aqueous extract of P. amarus is therapeutically efficacious in the treatment of P. berghei in all the three test carried out in this study, and this tally closely to the claims by Nigeria Traditional healers of its effectiveness in human P. falciparum infection.

Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) is a lymphoid malignancy of mature B lymphocytes. Based on morphology and immunophenotype, HL is classified into two types: classical HL (cHL), and nodular lymphocyte-predominant HL (NLPHL). cHL usually present with asymptomatic lymphadenopathy and Constitutional symptoms ("B" symptoms, i.e., fever, night sweats, or unintended weight loss). In a minority of cases the clinical presentation of cHL is atypical. Here, we report a rare case of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) presenting as combined of multiple unusual manifestations of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, polymyositis, celiac disease, and venous thromboembolism before the diagnosis.

A case is presented of falsely low serum bicarbonate levels with normal arterial blood gas bicarbonate levels in a patient with high triglyceride (TG) levels. This false phenomenon is explained by the presence of high triglyceride levels. Most laboratories use an enzymatic/photometric or indirect ion-selective electrode method to measure bicarbonate. Hyperlipidemia interferes with photometric analysis due to its light scattering effect. An ABG analyser employs a direct ion-selective electrode method that is free from the errors of a photometric analyser. Currently, several methods are available to eliminate the interference of lipemia and allow accurate measurement of biological quantities. The clinical laboratory must establish a protocol for handling lipemic samples according to the biological quantity to be tested.

Background: Perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality is decreasing in most countries with effective antenatal care and safe child delivery facilities, but it is rising in underdeveloped nations with low resources and dangerous home birth practices. The present study sought to determine the factors that influence home birth in western Sudan. Methodology: This is a descriptive longitudinal study that took place at the Obstetrics and Gynecology teaching hospital in Al-Obeid, North Kordofan State, Sudan, from January to December of 2023. This study has enrolled around 224 individuals. Results: Financial problems were the most common reason for choosing home birth (23.6%). The majority of cases (22.3%) occurred among individuals under the age of 20. The majority of cases were from rural areas, accounting for 62.1%. The majority of the study population (29.9%) were illiterates. The majority of the patients (22.7%) were from Shikan, while the remaining were from other war-affected locations. Conclusion: The preference for home childbirth is growing in western Sudan states, particularly among illiterates, rural residents, teenagers, and low-income patients. The most apparent factors include financial and community beliefs.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has revolutionized the way medical data and information are managed. While AI offers unprecedented opportunities for improving patient care and outcomes, it also raises concerns about patient privacy and data security. This literature review examines the implications of AI on healthcare data and information management, exploring the benefits, challenges, and potential solutions to ensure patient privacy and data security. By analyzing relevant articles and research, this review provides insights into the current state, future directions, and ethical considerations of AI in healthcare. The review finds that while AI has immense potential, there are critical aspects that need to be addressed to strike a balance between innovation and patient data protection. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge by offering recommendations and best practices to mitigate risks and harness the full potential of AI in healthcare while upholding patient privacy and data security.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of biological treatments administered after an initial treatment with Rituximab. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the baseline data of the Moroccan biotherapy registry for RBSMR. Demographics and disease features were compared using descriptive statistics. The study evaluated the effectiveness of switching to a new biological by measuring DAS28 and ΔDAS28 at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months of follow-up. Adverse effects were also assessed. The study compared the switcher and non-switcher groups, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 165 patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis were treated with Rituximab as their first biologic. The mean age of patients was 51.79 ± 11.27 years with a majority of females (87.9%). The mean duration of the disease was 13.84 ± 9.07 years. In 21.81% of cases, 36 patients required at least one switch due to ineffectiveness. After 1 year of follow-up, switchers had a greater ΔDAS 28-ESR (-0.31 ± 2.22) compared to non-switchers (-0.17 ± 1.72). At 1-year follow-up, 53.6% of switchers were in remission/LDA compared to 43.8% of non-switchers. Adverse effects to biotherapy were more common in switchers (44.4%) than non-switchers (31%), with infections being the most common adverse effect in both groups (22.2% and 13.2%, respectively). Conclusion: Switching after Rituximab in RA patients may be as effective and tolerable as switching after TNF inhibitors.