This is a prospective, unmasked and interventional study. The 207 premature babies were examined for incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), foetal and maternal risk factors to design an effective screening program for ROP. Further, the efficacy of the modes of treatment were evaluated. Preterm neonates with birth weight ≤ 1500 grams and/or gestation age ≤ 32 weeks; and selected patients with birth weight between 1500 to 2000 grams, or gestational age > 32 weeks but ≤ 35 weeks with unstable clinical course were included in the study. The incidence of any stage of ROP in this study was 21.26%. Majority of patients (84.1%) with ROP developed mild forms of ROP (stage 1 and 2) without plus disease and regressed spontaneous during observation. On univariate analysis, the significant risk factors predisposing to ROP were low gestation age, low birth weight, respiratory distress, unmonitored oxygen supplementation, sepsis, blood transfusion, surfactant use and metabolic acidosis. Maternal risk factor was pregnancy induced hypertension. On multivariate analysis, unmonitored oxygen exposure was the only independent risk factor for ROP. The 15.9% of ROP cases required treatment, and the majority were treated with Diode laser photocoagulation to avascular retina. Intravitreal Bevacizumab was used in 2 cases of AP-ROP in zone 1. Retinopathy in all the five patients regressed.