Plants have been one of the important source of medicine since the beginning of human civilization and it still continues as one of the major sources of drugs in modern as well as traditional medicine throughout the world. Medicinal plants are the local heritage with global importance. S. ciliatus of Acanthaceae family is commonly known as “Sahachara” and is used widely in ingenious Indian system of medicine as it is known to possess a range of folk and proven biologic activity such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-microbial, antifungal, anti-diabetic, antioxidant and hepatoprotective. The present study deals with the microscopic and macroscopic evaluation of the stem and leaf and also establishment of its quality parameters including the physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical investigation which were conducted. Considering the medicinal importance of S. ciliatus a complete study on macroscopic and microscopic characters are carried out. Histological studies were conducted by paraffin infiltration method. Anatomical features of the stem and leaves were studied in detail. Powder characters were also analysed. Physicochemical parameters like ash value and extractive value were done. Phytochemical screening shows the presence of alkaloid, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, sterols, carbohydrate, tannins and terpenoids. The values from physicochemical parameters will serve as an identification tool for preventing adulteration of the plant. Findings from the study will be useful for compiling the monograph of S. ciliatus for its identification and quality control