This paper explores the prevalence of sleeping sickness in British Southern Cameroons and examines the various preventive measures implemented by the colonial administration to slow down the scourge of the disease in Southern Cameroons. The disease had a deep rooted impact on the indigenous population and was recognized as public health problem in the territory. Hence there was the need to implement preventive measures against the prevalence of the disease. The British were obliged by articles 2 and 10 of the mandate and trusteeship agreements respectively to ensure the social advancement of the people. It was in this context that the colonial administration and native authorities faced with the scourge of the disease engaged preventive measures to control the disease. This explains why preventive measures including population resettlement, travel restrictions fly depopulation and bush clearing was primordial in the fight against the disease. This paper argues that preventive measures succeeded to an extent in rolling back the scourge of sleeping sickness in British southern Cameroons. Preventive measures impeded the advancement of socio-economic activities in most disease prevalent areas.