This complete enumeration, cross-sectional comparative study was conducted to compare the scores obtained by students in traditional practical examination with that obtained in objective structured practical examination in Osteology, which is a “must know” component of the first-year MBBS curriculum in Anatomy. After obtaining permissions from the Institutional Ethics Committee and institutional authorities for conducting the study, first-year MBBS students were oriented about the purpose of the study, the objective structured practical examination procedure, the check-list based marking system and their written informed consent was obtained. The maximum marks obtainable in both traditional practical examination and objective structured practical examination were 10 marks each. A total of 55 (27 females; 49.09% and 28 males; 51.91%) first-year MBBS students participated in the study. The students obtained higher scores in objective structured practical examination, as compared that in traditional practical examination. The male students had a higher maximum score in traditional practical examination but the gender difference in scores was not significant either for traditional practical examination (p=0.054) or for objective structured practical examination (p=0.934). Students obtaining relatively lower scores would require remedial training. A larger study would be necessary in order to generalize the results.