Background: A population is characterized by a set of gene(s) controlling traits and these traits are essential prerequisite for studying genetic diversity in human population. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the distribution, inheritance patterns of morphogenetic, serological traits; and also association of these traits within the two ethnic groups. Methods: The distribution of morphogenetic, serological traits were studied among the Ibibio and Ananng in Ikono and Oruk Anam respectively using a total of 1200 participants. Thirteen traits were accessed. Standard methodology was used to collect data and analyzed. Results: The distribution of morphogenetic traits amongst the two populations were 96.67%, 68.83%, 56.08%, 35.58% and 17.50% for right handedness, free earlobe, tongue rollers, bent little fingers and dimpled cheeks respectively. The Ibibio’s right handedness, left handedness and ambidextrous were 96.33%, 3.17% and 0.5%; while for the Ananng’s were 97.00%, 2.67% and 0.33% respectively. There were significant association between morphogenetic traits (tongue folding and bent little finger) and ethnicity. Also dimples, widow’s peak and Rhesus factor were significantly associated with sex. The distribution of serological traits amongst the two populations was 50.67%, 20.17%, 18.33%, 10.83%, 93.17%, 6.83%,74.92%, 24.67% and 0.42% for blood group O, B, A, AB, rhesus positive, rhesus negative, genotype AA, AS and SS respectively. Conclusion: The frequency of the different morphogenetic and serological phenotypes varied in the two ethnic groups. Dimples, widow’s peak and Rhesus factor were significantly associated with sex. This study will serve as base-line information for further studies.