Pastoralism plays a role in nutritional, socio-economic and cultural needs of Nigerians. High cost of food importation and decline in resources to improve the nutritional standards made it essential to reduce dependency on imported produce in the country. However, pastoralists face serious problems in search of wetland and floodplains, on which they rely solely for food and water, especially during the dry season. Pastoralists are also being deprived of grazing land for reasons such as forest reserves, nature conservation and mining. They also need water for their animals and as such, its management is as important as the pastures. Hence, climate change affects the lives and activities of the pastoralist both directly and indirectly, despite their ability to easily adapt to climatic changes such as floods and droughts. High population pressure and higher demand for arable land are also threats to the pastoralist which prompted their utilization of marginal lands. This leads to constraints in grazing land, resulting in over grazing of the available ones and communal clashes that causes destruction of human and animal lives and as well as valuable properties. The literature reviewed in this article indicates that pastoralists develop rangelands ecosystems within extreme climates. It sustains the provision of goods and services to humanity and makes the soils more fertile by sequestering atmospheric carbon. SWOT-Analysis was conducted to reveal the strengths, opportunities and weaknesses of pastoralism as a system practiced in Nigeria and the way forward.