Objective: To evaluate the practice of antibiotic prophylaxis in trauma-orthopedic surgery at the Moulay Ismail military hospital in Meknes, in order to determine the deviations from the local protocol established and to propose corrective measures. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive prospective study evaluating the practice of antibiotic prophylaxis in trauma and orthopedic surgery, which involved two hundred seventy-two patients operated on over a period of six months. This study took place in three phases. The collection of data on cards developed for this purpose; analysis of the results and review of the literature to judge the compliance of antibiotic prophylaxis decisions with local recommendations and protocols. Results: For the 272 patients operated on during the study period, of whom 72% were male, the compliance with the judgment criteria was respectively: 97.80% for the indication with antibiotic prophylaxis, 98.33% for the choice of molecule, 95% for the administered dose, 100% for the schedule of the first injection, 100% for the route of administration and only 3% for the duration of the antibiotic prophylaxis. Discussion and conclusion: The results of our study confirm the discrepancies reported by various international studies, these discrepancies are due to the deviation of antibiotic prophylaxis practices to local protocols and international standards. The antibiotic prophylaxis recommendations remain imperfectly applied even after the publication of guidelines. These results make essential: an update of the local protocols already established which must take into account on the one hand recent international recommendations and on the other hand local ecology, the day before the active dissemination of these protocols and their application by professionals and the need to train all prescribers using methods adapted to their professional constraints. Educate surgeons in the hospital department on the lack of interest in extending the prescription of antibiotic prophylaxis beyond 48 hours and in prescribing unjustified combinations.