The objective of this study is to assess the prescription of antibiotic therapy in the emergency department, which is an overview of our hospital training and to reflect on the development of corrective measures. A working group was responsible for developing the methodology. The data collection was prospectively for each patient, this data relating to the characteristics of the patients (age, sex), the reasons for emergency consultations, the data concerning the patient field, the elements of the clinical and paraclinical examination and prescribed antibiotic treatments and analysis of these data. This study included 542 patients consulting for different reasons; including 347 men (64%) against 195 women (36%); of which 90 patients benefited from the prescription of antibiotic therapy, is 16.60% of the patients included. Antibiotic therapy prescribed in the emergency room was justified in 86 patients (95.55%); the choice of the molecule was in accordance with the recommendations in 53 patients (58.88%) and the prescribed dosage was in accordance with the recommendations in 73 patients (81.11%). The quality of the choice of probabilistic antibiotic therapy conditions the patient's prognosis. To reduce this risk, the emergency physician must base his decision on probabilistic reasoning and reassess the treatment based on the antibiogram and systematically use the antibiotic therapy protocols recommended by learned societies which must be adapted to the local ecology; to ensure the proper use of antibiotics.