The objective of our work is to assess the practice of thromboprophylaxis in urological surgery in relation to international recommendations and to propose corrective measures. This is a prospective observational study of the practice of thromboprophylaxis in urological surgery. Carried out over a period of ten weeks. Data collection was carried out on files developed in consultation; the analysis of the results made it possible to include only the files subject to thromboprophylaxis and the comparison of these results with data from the literature to judge the conformity of the decisions of thromboprophylaxis compared to the specific recommendations. Among the 40 cases collected, one case was excluded because they relate to curative thromboprophylaxis. Compliance with the decision whether or not to initiate thromboprophylaxis concerned only 29 patients out of 39, ie decision compliance of 74.35%. Analysis of the overall thromboembolic risk showed that this risk was high in 35% of the cases. The duration of thromboprophylaxis was the judgment criterion, the compliance of which was only 63.6 3%. These results show the interest of this kind of study in order to update our protocols in accordance with the recommendations with regard to thromboprophylactic prevention, it is highly desirable to sensitize health professionals to the importance of respecting the prescription period for better patient management.