Higher education plays an important role in individual and national development, but access to higher education in India remains limited, particularly for learners facing geographical, social, economic, cultural and gender-related barriers. Open and Distance Learning (ODL) has emerged as an alternative mode of education that provides greater flexibility, accessibility and opportunities for learners who cannot participate in conventional higher education. This paper reviews and analyses previous research on ODL with particular focus on its contribution to the expansion of higher education. The literature is organized thematically around major areas such as expansion of higher education, social equity, learner participation and dropout, quality and effectiveness, and institutional, technological and infrastructural challenges. The review indicates that ODL has considerable potential to increase enrolment, widen access, support women and disadvantaged groups, and provide flexible learning opportunities. However, issues such as inadequate academic support, poor-quality learning materials, limited infrastructure, shortage of skilled personnel, financial constraints and weaknesses in institutional management continue to affect its effectiveness. The review also reveals that existing studies have largely focused on specific aspects of ODL, while in-depth research on the expansion of higher education through ODL in West Bengal remains limited. Therefore, the paper highlights the need for a comprehensive study of the role and potential of ODL in expanding higher education opportunities in West Bengal.