Prosthodontics has undergone substantial transformation during 2021–2026, driven by advances in pharmaceutical formulations, biomaterials, nanotechnology, antimicrobial strategies, and digital dentistry. This comprehensive review examines recent developments in dental products and pharmaceutical formulations used in prosthodontic applications, with particular emphasis on adhesive systems, denture liners, tissue conditioners, denture base materials, controlled drug-delivery systems, and bioactive materials. Contemporary adhesive formulations incorporating optimized monomers, solvents, and photoinitiators have demonstrated improved bonding performance, while denture liners and tissue conditioners increasingly incorporate antimicrobial agents such as silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles, probiotics, and bioactive components. Controlled-release approaches, including chitosan nanoparticles and polyethylene glycol microspheres, offer opportunities for prolonged therapeutic delivery and improved management of prosthodontic-associated infections. Digital CAD/CAM and 3D-printing technologies have further enhanced precision and mechanical performance, while nanomaterials such as titanium dioxide, carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxide have demonstrated potential for improving mechanical and antimicrobial properties. Bioactive glass and calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite provide additional opportunities for remineralization and regenerative applications. Emerging trends include artificial intelligence-assisted material selection, personalized drug-delivery dentures, sustainable bio-based materials, and regenerative prosthodontic approaches. Overall, recent innovations are moving prosthodontics toward more biocompatible, antimicrobial, personalized, digitally integrated, and functionally advanced dental products.