The soil health forms the pillar of agricultural development of sustainability, especially in ecologically sensitive and high density agricultural land like Cooch Behar district of West Bengal. Although the district has a favourable agro-climatic condition, an unfavourable alluvial soil base and a steady agro-climate, the district has been facing a degrading soil fertility, nutrient imbalance, and stagnant productivity because of unsustainable agricultural practices and unstable climate. This paper is a critical assessment of factors that contribute to soil erosion and suggests an all-inclusive list of measures to improve the health of soil and agricultural productivity. The study draws on empirical research, policy frameworks, and agro-ecological perspectives to highlight integrated nutrient management, conservation agriculture, practices that are resistant to climate change, and institutional interventions. The results are that synergistic method involving scientific innovation, farmer involvement, and policy assistance will be necessary in ensuring long-term agricultural sustainability in the region.