Critical supply chain infrastructure faces unprecedented challenges from natural disasters, operational disruptions, and regulatory compliance demands. This paper examines the application of geospatial intelligence (GEOINT) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to develop risk-based inspection frameworks and resilience planning strategies for pharmaceutical, food, and logistics supply chains. By integrating spatial analysis with risk prioritization models, organizations can optimize inspection routes, identify vulnerable network components, and enhance supply chain continuity. The research synthesizes methodological frameworks from environmental monitoring, logistics optimization, and critical infrastructure protection to demonstrate how geospatial technologies enable measurable efficiency gains in inspection operations while strengthening resilience against disruptions. Key findings indicate that GIS-enabled route optimization can reduce inspection travel distances by up to 74%, while spatial vulnerability assessments support targeted interventions in high-risk network segments. The paper proposes an integrated framework combining spatial optimization, multi-hazard risk evaluation, and real-time monitoring capabilities to support decision-making in supply chain inspection and resilience planning.