Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have emerged as an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes, offering glycemic control and additional health benefits, including weight loss. Despite their increasing clinical importance, public awareness regarding these medications and their potential risks and benefits remains unclear, particularly in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to assess awareness levels toward GLP-1 anti-diabetic medications among adults in Madinah. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Madinah City, Saudi Arabia using a semi-structured survey that included knowledge about obesity and GLP-1 medications, and perceptions regarding their use, efficacy, and safety. Participants were categorized based on their awareness levels (poor, moderate, or high). Statistical analysis was performed to examine the association between participants' characteristics and awareness levels, with significance determined at p < 0.05. Results: This study included 260 participants, with nearly half holding a bachelor's degree (n=129, 49.6%). Approximately a quarter had prior knowledge of obesity medications (n=64, 24.6%), with the internet being the most common source. Most respondents (75.4%) believed that not everyone could use anti-obesity medications, and 66.5% recognized that a specific BMI is required for their use, with 28.1% selecting body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 as the threshold. A majority (74.6%) acknowledged that these medications work through multiple mechanisms, and 84.2% believed they could reduce 3–8 kg annually. Side effects were widely recognized (82.7%), with 73.1% associating them with pancreatitis and 61.9% with thyroid tumors. Additionally, 73.5% considered these medications ineffective without diet and exercise. When asked about personal use if recommended by a doctor, responses varied, with 23.5% willing, 23.1% unwilling, and 53.5% uncertainty. Awareness levels were not significantly associated with education (P=0.552), though those with a bachelor's degree showed the highest awareness. Prior knowledge of obesity medications showed a borderline association with awareness levels (P=0.061). Conclusion: Awareness regarding GLP-1 anti-diabetic medications in Madinah is moderate, with knowledge gaps concerning their safety and appropriate usage. Targeted educational initiatives are needed to improve public understanding and ensure informed decision-making, particularly addressing misconceptions about risks and benefits. This is crucial for optimizing therapeutic outcomes and minimizing potential misuse.