Cubosomes, lipid-based nanoparticles characterized by a bicontinuous cubic phase structure, show significant promise as drug delivery systems (DDS) due to their stability, enhanced bioavailability, and targeted delivery capabilities. This review examines the development, structural features, and drug release mechanisms of cubosomes, including diffusion-controlled, stimuli-responsive, and targeted release strategies. Applications in oncology, infectious diseases, and anti-inflammatory therapies highlight their improved therapeutic efficacy and minimized systemic side effects. Challenges related to large-scale manufacturing, particle stability, and regulatory compliance are addressed, along with potential solutions and emerging trends. The review emphasizes the potential of cubosomes in precision medicine and personalizing treatment plans, encouraging further research to meet unmet clinical needs.