Background: Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) is a common but underdiagnosed cause of chronic musculoskeletal pain, characterized by trigger points causing localized and referred pain. Understanding its prevalence and management is crucial for optimizing treatment, especially in resource-limited settings like Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2014 to June 2015. A total of 150 chronic pain patients were assessed for MPS through clinical examination. Data on demographics, affected regions, and management approaches were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: MPS was present in 60.67% (n = 91) of patients. The neck and shoulder (59.34%) were the most commonly affected areas, followed by the lower back (30.77%). Management strategies included pharmacological treatment (68.13%), physical therapy (56.04%), heat/cold therapy (47.25%), and stretching/strengthening exercises (32.97%). Alternative therapies like acupuncture were used by 9.89%. Recurrence was reported in 41.76% of cases. Conclusion: MPS is a major contributor to chronic pain, primarily affecting the neck and shoulder region. While pharmacological treatment is widely used, physical therapy and rehabilitation play a key role in symptom relief. Due to high recurrence rates, a multidisciplinary approach incorporating lifestyle modifications and preventive care is essential. Further research should explore comprehensive treatment strategies for improved MPS management in Bangladesh.