Lung cancer is leading cause of mortality worldwide. About 80-85% of lung cancers are nonsmall cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). The main subtypes of NSCLC are adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinomas. These NSCLC are grouped together as their treatment and prognosis is often similar. Diagnosis depends on symptoms, histopathology and molecular biomarkers. Even treatment in late stages of NSCLC requires appropriate testing with predictive molecular biomarkers as it provides information that is essential for establishing appropriate treatment options for each patient. This review paper provides current molecular biomarkers in NSCLC which are useful in diagnosing as well predicting treatment.