Introduction: Oligohydramnios, a common amniotic fluid disorder, is marked by reduced fluid volume for gestational age. This study aims to assess its risk factors and clinical outcomes to enhance maternal and neonatal care in a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of risk factors and clinical outcomes in pregnancies with oligohydramnios at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at BSMMU, Dhaka, from June 1, 2016, to May 31, 2017, enrolling 200 pregnant women with oligohydramnios. Data on antenatal and postnatal histories, clinical examinations, and investigations were collected. SPSS version 22.0 was used for descriptive analysis of demographics, maternal and neonatal outcomes, and risk factors. Result: In a study of 200 pregnant women with oligohydramnios, the mean age was 23.9 years, with 65.5% aged 20-25. The most common risk factor was idiopathic oligohydramnios at 24.0%. Maternal outcomes revealed 58.0% had normal vaginal deliveries and 42.0% cesarean sections, primarily due to fetal distress. Among neonates, 54.5% were appropriate for gestational age, 70.9% had low birth weight, and 65.4% had APGAR scores below 7 at 1 minute. Conclusion: Oligohydramnios is a prevalent complication in pregnancies that requires vigilant monitoring and timely interventions to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes, given its association with low birth weight and increased cesarean delivery rates.