Background: Long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), is characterized by persistent symptoms that last weeks to months following the acute phase of COVID-19. This condition affects a substantial number of COVID-19 survivors, impacting multiple organ systems and significantly reducing quality of life. Method: This literature review synthesized research on the delayed and long-term physical side effects of COVID-19. A comprehensive search was conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed to identify open-access, English-language studies. Keywords included "COVID-19 side effects," "long COVID," and "post-acute sequelae of COVID-19." Relevant studies were screened and analyzed for key findings and limitations. Findings: The review identified significant long-term symptoms affecting COVID-19 survivors, including fatigue, dyspnea, chest pain, cognitive impairments, and musculoskeletal pain. These symptoms persist across diverse populations, regardless of the severity of the initial infection. Key limitations in existing studies include small sample sizes, single-center designs, and potential biases in self-reported data. Conclusion: Long COVID presents a major public health challenge, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach to manage its extensive and multifaceted impacts. Continued research, standardized diagnostic criteria, and comprehensive care models are essential to address the long-term needs of COVID-19 survivors and mitigate the broader economic and social burdens.